苏联官僚特权集团研究述评  

A Review of researches about Soviet Union’s bureaucratic privileged group

作　　者：李闻笛 LI Wen-di(School of Government,Peking University,Beijing 100871,China)

机构地区：[1]北京大学政府管理学院

出　　处：《陕西行政学院学报》2019年第4期63-74,共12页Journal of Shaanxi Academy of Governance

摘　　要：国内学界一直将苏联的官僚特权集团作为导致其亡党亡国的主要原因之一,其形成与演变过程以及在苏联改革转型过程中所起到的特殊作用,成为研究特权演变、国家体制解构、国家治理失效、政治社会经济体制转轨失败等问题的内在逻辑极为典型的样本,为我们提供了重要的国别经验和历史教训。通过对近十五年来国内外对于苏联特权集团(阶层)的研究情况和文本进行分析,梳理了对于官僚特权集团形成与演变的三种研究进路:以历史主体和个人主体两种视角为代表的历史逻辑下的研究进路;包含结构主义视角、政治能动者视角、制度主义视角、非制度性视角的政治逻辑的研究进路;以引入公共选择理论、经济结构分析、新制度主义分析、隐形经济维度为代表的经济逻辑视阈内的研究进路。从研究内容、表达形式、研究视角、论据材料、研究方法等角度系统分析和反思了已有研究文本的价值,探析了可以进一步挖掘的研究维度和创新点,从而发现造成苏共改革失败的重大内生因素和国家转型中至关重要的制度逻辑,以为我国国家治理提供经验支持,不断丰富我国的政治社会经济转型的内涵。The domestic academic circle always regards the Soviet Union’s bureaucratic privileged group as one of the main reasons for its collapse.Its formation and evolution process,as well as its special role in the reform and transformation process of the Soviet Union,have become a typical sample of internal logic to study the evolution of privileges,the deconstruction of state system,the failure of state governance,the failure of transition of political,social and economic system,etc.It provides important country experiences and historical lessons.Through the analysis of researching the situation and texts of the Soviet Union’s privileged groups(classes)at home and abroad in the past 15 years,this paper combs three research approaches to the formation and evolution of the bureaucratic privileged groups,which are:1.the research approach under the historical logic represented by the historical subject and the individual subject;2.the research approach of political logic including the perspectives of structuralism,political agents,institutionalism,and non-institutional perspective;3.the research approach from the perspective of economic logic represented by the introduction of public choice theory,economic structure analysis,New Institutionalism Analysis and invisible economic dimension.This paper systematically analyzes and reflects on the value of the existing research texts from the perspectives of research content,expression form,research perspective,argument materials,research methods,etc.,explores the research dimensions and innovation points that can be further explored,so as to find out the major endogenous factors that cause the failure of the reform of Communist Party of Soviet Union and the vital system logic in the national transformation,so as to provide empirical support for the national governance of our country,and to constantly enrich the connotation of China's political,social and economic transformation.

关 键 词：官僚特权 历史主体 信仰 公共选择理论 交易成本 激励机制 隐形经济 

分 类 号：C936[经济管理—管理学]