最低工资制度能提高民营企业劳动收入占比吗  

CAN THE MINIMUM WAGE SYSTEM INCREASE THE SHARE OF LABOR INCOME IN PRIVATE ENTERPRISES

作　　者：姜伟 JIANG Wei(School of Economics,Minzu University of China)

机构地区：[1]中央民族大学经济学院

出　　处：《经济理论与经济管理》2019年第11期100-112,共13页Economic Theory and Business Management

基　　金：国家社科基金青年项目“人工智能对就业和收入分配的影响研究”(18CJY010)的资助

摘　　要：本文以民营企业要素投入行为为切入点,探讨最低工资制度对民营企业劳动收入占比的影响。基于2005-2008年和2011-2013年中国工业企业数据库民营企业面板数据的研究发现:最低工资制度提高了劳动密集型和资本密集型行业民营企业的劳动收入占比,降低了技术密集型民营企业的劳动收入占比。通过分解影响机制发现,最低工资制度提高了劳动密集型和资本密集型民营企业的工资水平,带来正向的收入效应,但也导致资本替代劳动,产生负向的替代效应。整体而言,最低工资制度提高了民营企业的劳动收入占比。为发挥最低工资制度对民营企业劳动收入占比的正向作用,继续调整最低工资标准、贯彻相关法规实施、提高劳动者技能水平成为重要措施。Based on the behavior of factors input in private enterprises, this paper explores the impact of the minimum wage system on the share of labor income in private enterprises. The panel data of private enterprises from 2005-2008 and 2011-2013 show that the minimum wage system improves the labor income share of private enterprises in labor-intensive and capital-intensive industries, and reduces the labor income share of technology-intensive private enterprises. The influence of the minimum wage system on the share of labor income in private enterprises is mainly realized indirectly through the two mechanisms of wage level and capital-labor ratio. Through the decomposition of the impact mechanism, it is found that the minimum wage system significantly improves the wage level of labor-intensive and capital-intensive private enterprises, bringing about significant income effect, but it also leads to capital substitution for labor, resulting in significant negative substitution effect. Overall, the minimum wage system has significantly increased the share of labor income in private enterprises. Therefore, in order to give full play to the positive effect of the minimum wage system on the share of labor income in private enterprises, it is important to continue to adjust the minimum wage standard, implement relevant laws and regulations, and improve the skill level of workers.

关 键 词：最低工资制度 工资水平 资本劳动比 民营企业 劳动收入占比 

分 类 号：F27[经济管理—企业管理]