传统武术技击的弱化历程及提升途径  

Traditional Wushu boxing weakening process and improving paths

作　　者：周雨芃 杨建营 ZHOU Yu-peng;YANG Jian-ying(Physical Education Research Base of the key Research Base of Humanities and Social Sciences in Shanghai Colleges and Universities,School of Physical Education and Health,East China Normal University,Shanghai 200241,China)

机构地区：[1]华东师范大学上海市高校"立德树人"人文社会科学重点研究基地体育教育教学研究基地体育健康学院

出　　处：《体育学刊》2019年第6期41-45,共5页Journal of Physical Education

基　　金：华东师范大学上海市高校“立德树人”人文社科重点研究基地体育教育教学研究基地建设项目(11001-412221-16057);国家社会科学基金项目“中华优秀传统武术拳种的传承发展体系研究”(19BTY113)

摘　　要：首先回顾了传统武术技击能力弱化的历程,然后分析目前制约传统武术技击能力提高的主要因素,最后提出提高传统武术技击能力的具体策略。研究认为:(1)由于武术拳种的技术呈现"偏于一隅"而又"精于一隅"单一性特点,所以习练者很难参与技术相对综合的竞技格斗比赛;(2)传统武术的技击能力在清朝末年就已经开始弱化,20世纪50年代末至70年代末因特殊的社会环境而遭到限制,近30年又因国家层面"武术进奥运"主体目标的确立而被冷落,这些原因致使发展到现在的传统武术确实缺乏技击能力;(3)武术技击能力的提升应从两方面入手:一方面,各拳种依据自身的技击特点制定相应的竞赛规则进行竞技比赛;另一方面,对传统武术的技击技术做适当改良,将其运用于现代体育竞技格斗。Firstly the authors reviewed traditional Wushu boxing ability weakening process, then analyzed main factors that currently restrict traditional Wushu boxing ability improving, and lastly put forward specific strategies for improving traditional Wushu boxing ability. The authors drew the following conclusions: 1) since Wushu varieties’ techniques present such undiversified characteristics as "partial to one aspect" and "good at one aspect", it is very difficult for its practicers to participate in technique relatively comprehensive competitive combat competition;2) Traditional Wushu’s boxing ability already started weakening at the end of the Qing dynasty at the latest, was restricted due to special social environment from the end of the 1950 s to the end of the 1970 s, was left out due to the establishment of such a subject objective as "Wushu for the Olympic Games" at the country level in recent 30 years, these reasons caused traditional Wushu developed up to this day is indeed lacking of boxing ability;3) Wushu boxing ability improvement should be carried out from two aspects: on the one hand, various varieties establish corresponding competition rules for competitive games according to their own boxing characteristics;on the other hand, make appropriate improvements to traditional Wushu’s boxing techniques, and apply them to modern sports competitive combat.

关 键 词：传统武术 技击能力 武术训练 武术竞技 

分 类 号：G852[文化科学—民族体育]