一种用于声源定位的光纤麦克风阵列  

An Optical Fiber Sensing Array for Acoustic Source Localization

作　　者：金婷纾 洪广伟[1] 赵栋[1] JIN Tingshu;HONG Guangwei;ZHAO Dong(Department of Materials Science,Fudan University,Shanghai 200433,China)

机构地区：[1]复旦大学材料科学系

出　　处：《复旦学报（自然科学版）》2019年第5期629-633,641,共6页Journal of Fudan University：Natural Science

基　　金：上海市科学技术委员会项目(17DZ2280600)

摘　　要：声源定位技术用途广泛,近些年来备受关注.目前虽已有商业化的压电麦克风阵列用于声源定位,但在极端环境下使用受限,亟需工作原理不同、能克服特殊环境的新型麦克风.光纤麦克风具有抗电磁干扰、耐腐蚀、防爆、灵敏度高等显著优点,是一种极佳的解决方案.本文利用Sagnac干涉原理与时分复用方法,搭建了一组全光纤麦克风阵列,结构简单,对设备要求低,可实现多点实时声压传感;又将语音处理算法双门限端点检测法与TDOA时延定位技术运用到该光纤系统,成功实现了高精度的声源定位,并可通过再接入EDFA等光放大器件将阵列拓展,实现立体定位与进一步提升精度,具有很强的实用性与广阔的应用前景.Acoustic source localization has been paid much attention in the past few decades for its broad application in target tracking,signal routing and emergency response.Traditional piezoelectric microphone arrays have been used in many fields with a fair amount of success,but they do exhibit some limitations in harsh environment,such as low resistance to chemical agents or high temperatures,and susceptibility to electromagnetic interference.Optical fiber sensors prove to be excellent substitution in such situations.In this article,a new structure of Sagnac interferometer with TDM(Time-Division Multiplexing)scheme was proposed.The dual-threshold method and TDOA(Time-Difference of Arrival)algorithm were applied to determine the acoustic source localization.The experiment result indicates its high synchronism of signal capturing and satisfying accuracy of localization.The less requirements of device and capacity for extension of the structure signify apromising engineering application.

关 键 词：光纤传感 声源定位 Sagnac干涉 时分复用 

分 类 号：TP212.9[自动化与计算机技术—检测技术与自动化装置]