农村教师对“贫困”的经济价值评估及其公共财政学意义  

Compensating Differentials for Working Disamenities in Poor Regions:With Special Reference to Financing Basic Education

作　　者：马红梅[1] 钟宇平[2] Ma Hongmei;Chung Yueping(Faculty of Education,Central China Normal University/Hubei Institute for Basic Education Research,Wuhan 430079;Faculty of Education,the Chinese University of Hong Kong,Hongkong 999077)

机构地区：[1]华中师范大学教育学院湖北省基础教育研究中心,武汉430079 [2]香港中文大学教育行政与政策系,香港999077

出　　处：《教育发展研究》2019年第15期45-51,62,共8页Research in Educational Development

基　　金：国家自然科学基金青年科学基金（71603096）;华中师范大学教育学院研究生拔尖创新科研计划“地区经济地理特征对县域内义务教育经费的影响”;华中师范大学范先佐教授和雷万鹏教授在其主持的中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金重点培育项目“农村义务教育改革和发展问题研究”（CCNU14Z02007）中专列子课题“农村义务教育财政制度研究”予以资助;华中师范大学教育学院2019年度“教育重大热点问题研究”之“农村义务教育成本测算与补偿：教育精准扶贫背景下的贫困学生资助体系和贫困地区教师劳动力市场建设”的部分成果

摘　　要：工作环境是影响个人职业选择的重要因素。贫困地区因环境艰苦而缺乏劳动力市场的吸引力,需提供补偿才能弥补个人职业效用的损失。本文基于“甘肃基础教育调查”中近千名农村教师的追踪信息,估计了农村教师对学校所在地区贫困的心理保留价值,讨论了教师个人职业效用函数中工作环境的权重系数对当地办学成本的影响。研究结果显示,贫困地区每聘用一名教师需支付相当于工资30%的经济补偿;进一步经过各县(区)教师规模的调整后,贫困县(区)的年度环境补偿成本介于360万-2400万元。贫困地区不受欢迎的外部环境增加了其提供同等质量公共基础教育服务的劳动力成本。本研究对教师工资成本补偿、乡村教师生活补助等具有理论指导意义和技术参考价值。Undesirable working conditions and living disamenites embed within poor regions cause negative effects on job utilities to employees serving the public sector,which commands compensating wage differentials to cancel out the uncomfortableness therein.In other words,the external hardships out of the control of both individuals and institutes generate extra personnel costs for workers of the same quality or similar characteristics.Based on Gansu Survey of Children and Families,the paper is theoretically framed by compensating wage differentials to estimate how poor working conditions affects teachers'career benefits and therefore the economic values teachers weigh on hardships in rural Gansu.After controlling for teachers'human capital,which essentially geographically confines teachers'capability to choose and productivity as well on the local labor market,the result shows that it costs poor counties 30%extra more to equalize differences for retaining each teacher of comparable quality.Taking into account numbers of teachers each county equipped,the annual total geographic costs of teachers caused by"poverty"only within administrative borders vary from 3.6 million to 24 million in general.The research sheds lights on financing basic education for the remote and poor regions across the nation.Geographically-weighted formula offer both conceptual framework and empirical strategy for financing education service of comparable quality and evaluating policies regarding economic incentives to help the poor areas way out of poverty.

关 键 词：贫困地区 工作环境 心理收益 补偿型工资 

分 类 号：G63[文化科学—教育学]