生存理性与族群认同——基于中亚东干人族群认同历史过程的个案观察  

Survival Rationality and Ethnic Identity——Case Observation on History Process of Tunggan People’s Ethnic Identity in Middle Asia

作　　者：张科[1] ZHANG Ke

机构地区：[1]青海民族大学

出　　处：《青海民族研究》2019年第3期19-25,共7页Qinghai Journal of Ethnology

基　　金：国家社科基金项目《中亚回族侨胞的国家认同与文化认同》(批准号：18XZZ007)阶段性成果

摘　　要：中亚东干人是在域外定居民族保持中华传统文化的一个典型群体。自清朝同治年间迁移至中亚以来,虽然经过了与当地民族一百多年的杂居和相处,但东干人仍然在语言、习俗与生产方式等方面保持了浓厚的中华传统文化的特点,形成了中亚东干人遥远“故国”的记忆。本文的观察表明,基于同一地缘、亲缘与宗教信仰的“原生情感”构成了东干人族群认同建构的基础;以故土语言、风俗与生活惯习为核心要素的"历史记忆"在日常生活中的不断重复和展演,则成为东干人百年来族群认同维系和延续的保障。东干人逾百年族群认同发生与延续的历史过程显示,对于特定情境中族群认同的考察,不能仅仅将“生存理性”视为单一经济逻辑引导下的行动表达;不能将族群成员“经济人”的面相从日常生活世界中抽离出来作为认同建构的基本要素,而更应该关注族群成员"社会人"与“文化人”的双重面相在族群认同发生与延续过程中的关键作用。在当前的时代背景下,厘清东干人中华民族认同发生与延续的文化机制,有助于为中亚其他族群感知、理解和认同"一带一路"倡议提供一种来自于生活世界的鲜活路径,以及为"一带一路"倡议的顺利实施提供坚实的文化认同基础。Dunggan people in Mid-Asia is a typical group of people settled down abroad who maintained Chinese traditional culture.Transferred to Mid-Asia since the reign of Tongzhi,they still maintain Chinese traditional culture in language,customs and production pattern after living and contacting with local people for more than one hundred years,which has been the remote memory about the homeland of them.From the observation,the base of identity construction was native emotions that were from the same geographic relation,affinity and religion belief.Constant repetition and demonstration of the historical memory in daily life which centered on native language,customs and living habit guaranteed the maintenance and continuation of ethnic identity over hundred years.The historical process of maintaining and continuing showed that inspecting ethnic identity in particular situation should not view the survival rationality as acting expression that was led by single economic logic,not detach the face of economic man among group members from everyday life world and regarded it as the basic element of identity,but should concern the key role of double faces of social men and cultural men in the identity occurrence and continuing course.Under the current background,to clarify the cultural system of Dunggan people's Chinese ethnic identity will be helpful for other ethnic groups of the district to perceive and understand the fresh path provided by the initiative of One Belt and One Road,and contribute a solid cultural foundation for the practice of the initiative.

关 键 词：东干人 族群认同 历史过程 生存理性 

分 类 号：C95[社会学—民族学]