植物细胞全能性和再生  

Plant cell totipotency and regeneration

作　　者：许智宏 张宪省[3] 苏英华 胡玉欣[4] 徐麟 王佳伟 XU ZhiHong;ZHANG XianSheng;SU YingHua;HU YuXin;XU Lin;WANG JiaWei(National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics,Chinese Academy of Sciences Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences/Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology,Shanghai 200032,China;School of Advanced Agricultural Sciences,Peking University,Beijing 100871,China;National Key Laboratory of Crop Biology,College of Life Sciences,Shandong Agricultural University,Taian 271018,China;Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology,Institute of Botany,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100093,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院分子植物科学卓越创新中心/植物生理生态研究所,植物分子遗传国家重点实验室,上海200032 [2]北京大学现代农学院,北京100871 [3]山东农业大学生命科学学院,作物生物学国家重点实验室,泰安271018 [4]中国科学院植物研究所,中国科学院植物分子生理学重点实验室,北京100093

出　　处：《中国科学：生命科学》2019年第10期1282-1300,共19页Scientia Sinica(Vitae)

摘　　要：细胞全能性和多能性是植物再生的细胞学基础. 2005年, Science杂志公布了125个最具挑战性的科学问题,其中植物细胞全能性被列为最重要的25个科学问题之一.植物体细胞的命运如何在激素作用下进行重编程,通过细胞分裂和分化发育成为一个独立的植株或器官是建立植物高效再生方法的理论基础.植物再生技术的发展和基因组编辑技术的应用将引领作物分子育种技术的变革,培育出更多高产、多抗、环境友好的未来作物,助推世界农业的可持续发展.本文回顾了新中国成立70年以来我国在植物组织培养和细胞全能性领域的研究成果和发展历程,通过总结国内外最新的研究进展提出本领域亟需回答的重要科学问题以及学科将来的发展方向.Cell totipotency and pluripotency are the cellular basis for plant regeneration. In 2005, plant cell totipotency was listed as one of the top 25 among the 125 of the most challenging scientific questions by Science. How the fate of a plant somatic cell is reprogrammed in response to hormones, and how a single plant cell develops into a whole plant or organs through the coordination of cell division and differentiation remain hitherto unknown. The development of plant regeneration technology and the application of genome editing technology will lead to the transformation of crop molecular breeding technology and ensure the sustainable development of world agriculture by boosting the cultivation of high-yield, multi-resistance and environment-friendly future crops in a short period of time.This article reviews the research history and achievements regarding plant tissue culture and cell totipotency and pluripotency during the 70 years’ time since the founding of the People’s Republic of China. By summarizing the latest research progress, we propose unanswered important scientific questions and future research directions in this field.

关 键 词：植物 再生 细胞全能性 体细胞胚发生 根从头再生 芽从头再生 

分 类 号：Q[生物学]