某电子制造企业员工职业紧张状况及干预策略  

Status of occupational stress in employees of an electronic manufacturing enterprise and its intervention strategy

作　　者：徐金平[1] 王小舫[1] 赵容[1] XU Jin-ping;WANG Xiao-fang;ZHAO Rong(Beijing Center for Disease Control and Prevention/Beijing Preventive Medical Research Center,Beijing 100020,China)

机构地区：[1]北京市疾病预防控制中心/北京市预防医学研究中心

出　　处：《中国工业医学杂志》2019年第5期362-366,共5页Chinese Journal of Industrial Medicine

摘　　要：目的分析某电子制造企业员工职业紧张状况及影响因素,探讨职业紧张干预策略。方法采用整群抽样方法,以某电子制造企业的826名员工为研究对象,采用《简明职业紧张问卷》调查其工作要求-自主(JDC)模式职业紧张,采用自行设计的调查表调查工作压力来源、减压方式、服务需求等情况。结果 826名研究对象中,职业紧张检出率为80.3%。多因素Logistic回归分析显示,轮班作业者发生职业紧张的风险高于非轮班人员(P<0.01),接触职业病危害因素作业人员发生职业紧张的风险高于非接触者(P<0.05)。工作单调、升职机会渺茫和工作负荷是调查对象工作压力的主要来源。研究对象对健康生活方式、个人职业发展计划、人际沟通技巧、压力与情绪管理以及医疗保健服务的需求较高;愿意接受的服务方式以面对面咨询和培训优先;喜欢的活动方式以拓展活动和休闲办公竞技优先。结论电子制造企业员工职业紧张检出率较高,轮班和接触职业病危害为其主要影响因素。建议从组织层面和个体层面同时采取措施,缓解职业紧张的不良影响,推进企业健康良性发展。Objective To analyze the status of occupational stress of employees in an electronic manufacturing enterprise and its influencing factors, thereby explore its intervention strategy.Methods The cluster sampling method was used to investigate 826 employees in an electronic manufacturing enterprise;the job demand-control(JDC)model was investigated by the Simple Occupational Stress Questionnaire;a self-designed questionnaire was used to investigate job stress source,decompression mode and service demand.Results Among 826 subjects, the detection rate of occupational stress was 80.3%;multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that the occupational stress risk among shift workers was higher than that of non-shift workers(P<0.01),and the risk among workers exposed to occupational hazards was also higher than that of the workers without occupational hazard exposure(P<0.05);work monotony,slim promotion opportunity and workload were the main sources of job stress.Meanwhile, the subjects had higher demand for healthy lifestyle,personal career development plan,interpersonal communication skills,stress and emotional management and medical care services,and face-to-face counseling and training were preferred for willing services,outreach activities and leisure office competitions were preferred activities modes.Conclusion The results showed that the detection rate of occupational stress of the subjects was high, the main influencing factors included shift work and exposure to occupational hazards.That suggested that the measures should be taken at both organizational and individual levels for alleviating the adverse effects of occupational stress and promoting the healthy development of enterprises.

关 键 词：电子制造企业 职业紧张 工作要求-自主模式 影响因素 干预 

分 类 号：R135[医药卫生—劳动卫生]