收获期对青贮玉米青贮品质及体外发酵特性的影响  

Effect of Harvest Time on Silage Quality and in vitro Fermentation Characteristics of Silage Maize

作　　者：杨大盛 汪水平[1,4,5] 贺喜全 李海强[3] 汤少勋 卢琦[3] 范定坤 杨鑫 YANG Dasheng;WANG Shuiping;HE Xiquan;LI Haiqiang;TANG Shaoxun;LU Qi;FAN Dingkun;YANG Xin(College of Animal Science,Southwest University,Chongqing 402460,China;Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Healthy Livestock and Poultry Production,South-Central Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science of Ministry of Agriculture,National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production,Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region,Institute of Subtropical Agriculture,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Changsha 410125,China;College of Animal Science,Guizhou University,Guiyang 550025,China;Xishui Fuxing Husbandry Co.,Ltd.,Xishui 556400,China;Baiyu Muwang Agricultural Science and Technology Co.,Ltd./Baiyu Yumu Kangyuan Husbandry Co.,Ltd.,Baiyu 627150,China)

机构地区：[1]西南大学动物科学学院,重庆402460 [2]中国科学院亚热带农业生态研究所,亚热带农业生态过程重点实验室,畜禽养殖污染控制与资源化技术国家工程实验室,农业部中南动物营养与饲料科学观测实验站,湖南省畜禽健康养殖工程技术中心,长沙410125 [3]贵州大学动物科学学院,贵阳550025 [4]习水富兴牧业有限公司,习水556400 [5]白玉县牧旺农业科技有限公司/白玉县玉牧康源牧业有限公司,白玉627150

出　　处：《畜牧兽医学报》2019年第11期2264-2272,共9页ACTA VETERINARIA ET ZOOTECHNICA SINICA

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2017YFD0500500);湖南省科技重大专项项目(2017NK1020);四川省科技计划项目(2019YFN0080);四川省政府采购项目(5133312019000129)

摘　　要：旨在研究收获期对青贮玉米青贮品质及体外发酵特性的影响。本研究以青贮玉米品种科玉1108为试验材料,分别在乳熟中期、乳熟后期、蜡熟初期及蜡熟中期收获青贮玉米,评定其青贮90 d的品质,再通过体外产气法,进行72 h发酵培养。结果表明:1)在青贮前,随收获期的延长,青贮玉米全株生物量(一次线性,P<0.000 1)、秸秆生物量(一次线性,P=0.019 0)、籽实生物量(一次线性,P<0.000 1)、百粒重(一次线性,P<0.000 1;二次曲线,P=0.006)、籽实占比(一次线性,P<0.000 1)及粗脂肪含量(一次线性,P=0.037)均增加,秸秆占比(一次线性,P<0.000 1)与粗蛋白质含量(一次线性,P=0.028)均降低,中性洗涤纤维含量(二次曲线,P=0.029)与酸性洗涤纤维含量(二次曲线,P=0.067)均先下降后上升,水溶性碳水化合物含量(二次曲线,P=0.001)先上升后下降;2)在青贮过程中,随收获期的延长,青贮玉米异戊酸摩尔比例(一次线性,P=0.035)降低,丙酸摩尔比例(二次曲线,P=0.064)先降低后增加,乙酸摩尔比例(二次曲线,P=0.098)先增加后降低;3)在青贮后,随收获期的延长,青贮玉米体外发酵时潜在最大产气量(一次线性,P=0.015)、总挥发性脂肪酸浓度(一次线性,P=0.017)及干物质消失率(一次线性,P=0.099)均下降,乙酸摩尔比例(一次线性,P=0.043)上升。结果显示,延长青贮玉米收获期,可提高生物量,改变营养成分,不会影响青贮品质,但会降低青贮后体外降解特性。This study was carried out to evaluate the effect of harvest time on the silage quality and the in vitro fermentation characteristics of silage maize. The KEYU1108 silage maize was harvested at the middle and later periods of the milk-ripe stage as well as the initial and middle periods of the waxy-ripe stage, respectively. After harvest, the silage was processed and the quality was investigated at 90 d of ensiling. Subsequently, the oven-dried silage was fermented for 72 h by an in vitro gas production technique. The results showed that: 1) Before the ensiling, with the prolonging of harvest time of the silage maize, the whole-plant biomass(linear, P<0.000 1), the straw biomass(linear, P=0.019 0), the grain biomass(linear, P<0.000 1), the hundred-grain weight(linear, P<0.000 1;quadratic, P=0.006), the grain ratio(linear, P<0.000 1) and the ether extract concentration(linear, P=0.037) were increased, the straw ratio(linear, P<0.000 1) and the crude protein concentration(linear, P=0.028) were decreased, the concentrations of neutral detergent fiber(quadratic, P=0.029) and acid detergent fiber(quadratic, P=0.067) were firstly decreased and then increased, and the water-soluble carbohydrate concentration(quadratic, P=0.001) was firstly increased and then decreased;2) In the process of the ensiling, with the prolonging of harvest time of the silage maize, the isovalerate molar proportion(linear, P=0.035) was decreased, the propionate molar proportion(quadratic, P=0.064) was firstly decreased and then increased, and the acetate molar proportion(quadratic, P=0.098) was firstly increased and then decreased;3) In the process of in vitro fermentation after the ensiling, with the prolonging of harvest time of the silage maize, the potential maximum gas production(linear, P=0.015), total volatile fatty acids concentration(linear, P=0.017) and the dry matter disappearance(linear, P=0.099) were decreased, and the acetate molar proportion(linear, P=0.043) was increased. The results suggested that the prolonging of harvest time

关 键 词：青贮玉米 收获期 青贮品质 体外发酵 

分 类 号：S816.53[农业科学—饲料科学]