高速列车线性涡流制动特性的试验研究  

Experimental Study on Characteristics of Linear Eddy Current Brake for High Speed Train

作　　者：丁福焰 王可 宋跃超 李辉 王立超 DING Fuyan;WANG Ke;SONG Yuechao;LI Hui;WANG Lichao(Locomotive and Car Research Institute,China Academy of Railway Sciences Corporation Limited,Beijing 100081,China;Department of Braking Technology Development,Beijing Zongheng Electro-Mechanical Technology Co.,Ltd.,Beijing 100094,China)

机构地区：[1]中国铁道科学研究院集团有限公司机车车辆研究所,北京100081 [2]北京纵横机电科技有限公司制动开发部,北京100094

出　　处：《中国铁道科学》2019年第6期126-132,共7页China Railway Science

基　　金：中国铁路总公司科技研究开发计划项目(2016J011-F);中国铁道科学研究院重大基金课题(2016YJ017)

摘　　要：为研究高速列车线性涡流制动的特性及影响因素,研制涡流制动电磁铁试验样件,采用高速涡流及磁轨制动试验台,模拟17 t轴重制动质量,开展1∶1线性涡流制动性能试验,获得不同的制动初速度、励磁电流和气隙条件下的涡流制动力特性,最高试验速度达到420 km·h^-1。试验结果表明:线性涡流制动力在较大的速度范围内具有平坦特性,不同试验条件下,制动力变化规律基本一致,制动过程平稳,制动效果显著,适合高速列车应用;在气隙不变的条件下,平均制动力与励磁电流在一定范围内呈近似线性关系,但受制动初速度的影响较小,易于实现涡流制动力的控制,满足不同级别的常用制动需求;在励磁不变的条件下,随着气隙的增加,平均制动力单调减小,因此,在涡流制动装置的研发和应用中,应尽量保持气隙的一致性,以便发挥稳定的制动性能。In order to study the characteristics and influencing factors of linear eddy current brake for high speed train, an electromagnet test specimen of eddy current brake was developed. The braking mass of 17 t axle load was simulated by applying the test stand of high speed eddy current and magnetic track brake dynamometer to carry out a full-scale brake performance test of linear eddy current. The characteristics of linear eddy current braking force were acquired under the conditions of different initial braking speed, excitation current and air gap. The maximum test speed was 420 km·h^-1. Results show that the characteristics of eddy current braking force are nearly flat in a wide range of speed. The varying patterns are similar under different test conditions. The braking process is smooth and the braking effect is remarkable, which is suitable for the application of high speed train. Under the condition of fixed air gap, the average braking force is approximately linear with the excitation current in a certain range, but is less affected by the initial braking speed. It is easy to implement the control of eddy current braking force and meet the requirements of different levels for service brake. Under the condition of fixed excitation, the average braking force monotonously decreases with the increase of air gap. Therefore, in the development and application of eddy current braking devices, the consistency of the air gap should be maintained as far as possible in order to achieve stable braking performance.

关 键 词：高速列车 线性涡流制动 制动力 制动速度 励磁电流 气隙 试验研究 

分 类 号：U260.357[机械工程—车辆工程]