我国老年人口迁移:统计口径、分类和基本趋势  

Elderly Migration in China: Definition, Classification and Trend ——Analysis from China’s 2015 One-percent National Population Sample Survey

作　　者：吕利丹[1] 杨舸[2] 付晓光 Lv Lidan;Yang Ge;Fu Xiaoguang(Center for Population and Development Studies,Renmin University of China,Beijing 100872;Institute of Population and Labor Economics,Chinese Academy of Social Sciences,Beijing 100732;China National Health Development Research Center,National Health Commission of China,Beijing 100191)

机构地区：[1]中国人民大学人口与发展研究中心,北京100872 [2]中国社会科学院人口与劳动经济研究所,北京100732 [3]国家卫生健康委卫生发展研究中心,北京100191

出　　处：《中国人力资源开发》2019年第11期81-92,共12页Human Resources Development of China

基　　金：国家社科基金青年项目（16CRK023）;北京市社会科学基金项目（17JDSRB005）

摘　　要：文章利用2015年全国1%人口抽样调查及历年人口普查数据等具有全国代表性的大样本数据,描述了我国老年人口迁移的基本特征和趋势。文章在老年人口迁移的概念界定、分类和关于中国老年迁移人群的基本特征描述方面都做出了相应的贡献:使用针对"老年人口"而言更适用的口径界定出四类老年迁移人口--劳动迁移者、失能迁移者、健康退休迁移者和家庭供养迁移者,对四个老年迁移群体的规模、结构和主要经济社会特征进行了描述和分析。研究发现:我国老年迁移人口快速增长,老年人口的迁移行为与其健康状况、经济社会地位、代际关系密切关联;退休迁移者规模最大,失能迁移者增长最快,劳动迁移者也在增长,家庭供养迁移者规模小幅下降;四类老年迁移人群的经济社会特征截然不同,对应不同养老支持和服务需求。Based on data from China’s 2015 one-percent national population sample survey and earlier census data, this paper analyses basic facts and trends of elderly migration in China. Taking advantage of a large sample, multi-period data and more accurate definitions of elderly migration and its classification, this paper provides a better understanding of population size, composition, and main socioeconomic characteristics of four types of elderly migration:healthy labor migration, disability migration, healthy retirement migration and healthy family support migration. Results indicate that the overall size of elderly migration is increasing rapidly. Elderly migration behavior is correlated with health status, income sources and closeness of the intergenerational relationship with their children. The healthy retirement migration group is the largest component of elderly migration. The disability migration group is increasing most quickly, and the labor migration group is also increasing, whereas the size of the healthy family support migration group is decreasing slightly. The socioeconomic characteristics of the four types of elderly migrants are strongly heterogeneous, implying different demands of their respective elderly support.

关 键 词：老年迁移 失能 退休迁移 劳动迁移 家庭供养 

分 类 号：G63[文化科学—教育学]