1980—2015年风蚀影响下中国北方土壤有机质与养分流失时空特征  

Spatio-temporal variations of soil organic matter and nutrient losses resulted from wind erosion in northern China from 1980 to 2015

作　　者：赵海鹏[1,4] 宋宏权[1,2,3,4] 刘鹏飞[2,4] 李霄阳[1,4] 王团徽[1,4] ZHAO Haipeng;SONG Hongquan;LIU Pengfei;LI Xiaoyang;WANG Tuanhui(Key Laboratory of Geospatial Technology for the Middle and Lower Yellow River Regions(Henan University),Ministry of Education,Kaifeng 475004,Henan,China;Institute of Urban Big Data,Henan University,Kaifeng 475004,Henan,China;Henan Key Laboratory of Integrated Air Pollution Control and Ecological Security,Henan University,Kaifeng 475004,Henan,China;College of Environment and Planning,Henan University,Kaifeng 475004,Henan,China)

机构地区：[1]黄河中下游数字地理技术教育部重点实验室(河南大学),开封475004 [2]河南大学城市大数据研究所,开封475004 [3]河南省大气污染综合防治与生态安全重点实验室(河南大学),开封475004 [4]河南大学环境与规划学院,开封475004

出　　处：《地理研究》2019年第11期2778-2789,共12页Geographical Research

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(41401107);河南省基础前沿与技术研究项目(162300410132)

摘　　要：中国北方干旱/半干旱区是全球主要的沙尘源区之一,风蚀造成的沙尘排放可导致大量的土壤有机质(SOM)与养分流失,并通过传输与沉降过程对其进行空间再分配,对空气质量、气候变化、植被生长及生物地球化学过程等具有重要影响。本文利用WRF/Chem(Weather Research Forecasting with Chemistry)v3.7.1大气化学传输模型,对1980-2015年间中国北方沙尘排放及其引起的SOM、全氮(TN)与全磷(TP)的时空变化过程进行了精细化模拟,探究了中国北方风蚀引起的SOM、TN与TP养分流失的时空变化特征。结果表明:①1980-2015年来平均每年约有66.59 Tg的沙尘颗粒排放至大气;②沙尘排放具有较大的时空差异,沙尘排放源区主要集中在新疆东部、内蒙古西部的巴丹吉林沙漠和腾格里沙漠等地区;③每年因沙尘排放引起的SOM、TN和TP流失量分别约为0.07 Tg、0.004 Tg和0.005 Tg;④1980-2015年间中国北方沙尘排放及其引起的SOM、TN与TP的流失量具有较强的年际波动,未呈现显著的趋势性变化特征。本研究对于认知风蚀在碳循环与养分循环过程中的作用,以及对深入了解中国北方的土地退化机理具有重要意义。The arid and semi-arid region in northern China is one of the major dust source areas and a major contributor to global dust emissions in the world. The area affected by wind erosion in China accounts for approximately 30% of the national territory, which is a primary contributor to atmospheric dust aerosols in East Asia and frequently transported over long distances to North Pacific Ocean, North America, and even Europe. Dust emissions resulted from wind erosion could generate a large amount of soil organic matter(SOM) and cause nutrient losses. Dust transportation and deposition processes of the wind erosion can redistribute the losses of SOM and nutrient, which can profoundly impact air quality, climate change, plant growth and productivity as well as ecosystem carbon(C) cycling and sequestration in China. However, how dust emissions affect SOM and nutrient losses in this region are poorly understood. In this paper, the WRF/Chem(Weather Research Forecasting model coupled with Chemistry) v3.7.1 atmospheric chemical transport model was adopted to simulate the spatio-temporal variations of dust emissions in northern China from 1980 to 2015.The spatio-temporal variations of losses of SOM, total nitrogen(TN), and total phosphorus(TP) resulted from wind erosion were calculated by the combination of simulated dust emissions and the spatial distribution of SOM, TN, and TP in the research region. Results showed that:(1) the annual dust emission was around 66.59 Tg(< 20 μm) over the past 40 years in northern China;(2) dust emissions showed large spatial and temporal disparities, and the dust source areas are mainly concentrated in regions such as eastern Xinjiang, the Badain Jaran Desert, and the Tengger Desert;(3) spatial patterns of SOM, TN, and TP losses were consistent with those of dust emission rates over the research region;(4) the annual losses of SOM, TN, and TP due to wind erosion are around 0.07 Tg, 0.004 Tg, and 0.005 Tg,respectively;(5) there were no obvious trends but large inter-annual fluctuations in du

关 键 词：中国北方 风蚀 WRF/Chem 土壤有机质 土壤养分 时空特征 

分 类 号：P[天文地球]