陆地生态系统植物和土壤微生物群落多样性对全球变化的响应与适应研究进展  

Research Progress on Response and Adaptation of Plant and Soil Microbial Community Diversity to Global Change in Terrestrial Ecosystem

作　　者：沈芳芳[1] 刘影 罗昌泰 刘文飞[1] 段洪浪[1] 廖迎春[1] 吴春生 樊后保[1] SHEN Fangfang;LIU Ying;LUO Changtai;LIU Wenfei;DUAN Honglang;LIAO Yingchun;WU Chunsheng;FAN Houbao(Jiangxi Key Laboratory for Restoration of Degraded Ecosystems and Watershed Ecohydrology/Nanchang Institute of Technology,Nanchang 330099,China;National and Provincial Joint Engineering Laboratory for the Hydraulic Engineering Safety and Efficient Utilization of Water Resources of Poyang Lake Basin,Nanchang 330099,China)

机构地区：[1]南昌工程学院/江西省退化生态系统修复与流域生态水文重点实验室,江西南昌330099 [2]鄱阳湖流域水工程安全与资源高效利用国家地方联合工程实验室,江西南昌330099

出　　处：《生态环境学报》2019年第10期2129-2140,共12页Ecology and Environmental Sciences

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目（31200406;31570444）;江西省主要学科学术和技术带头人项目（20162BCB22021）;江西省教育厅科技项目（GJJ161118）;南昌工程学院2019年国家大学生创新创业训练计划项目（201902）;南昌工程学院2019年度研究生创新计划项目(201904)

摘　　要：生态系统植物和土壤微生物群落多样性受氮沉降、气候变暖、大气CO2浓度升高(eCO2)、极端干旱等全球变化的强烈影响,深入认识和理解全球变化下植物群落-土壤微生物群落的关系对生物多样性保护至关重要。文章综述了陆地生态系统植物和土壤微生物群落多样性对以上4种全球变化单因子和多因子(双因子、三因子及四因子)交互作用的响应与适应规律。主要结论为,(1)氮沉降、气候变暖和极端干旱均改变了植物和土壤微生物的群落组成,呈现降低、增加和无影响3种效应,大多数研究结果是降低效应,例如高氮沉降和长期低水平氮沉降减少了植物多样性,微生物群落多样性的下降幅度随氮沉降时间和量的增加而加强;气候变暖改变了植物的物候,降低了植物多样性,促使土壤微生物群落的演替分异;极端干旱导致植物组成发生了方向性的变化,植物多样性降低并促进盐生植物的生长,土壤微生物量和活性降低并促使转向渗透胁迫型策略。(2)eCO2增加促进植物光合作用从而刺激植物的生长,对植物多样性的影响取决于资源可利用性,一般增加根际细菌和土壤真菌的相对丰度以加快土壤的碳源利用。(3)全球变化多因子交互作用下植物-土壤微生物群落多样性的关联效应主要为协同、累加、抵消或非加性等,其中氮沉降×气候变暖为累加;氮沉降×eCO2对植物生物量的影响为协同增效,而对植物群落可能是相反或抵消;气候变暖×eCO2对土壤微生物群落为累加;三因子和四因子交互作用对植物和土壤微生物群落为非加性,较难预测。最后指出当前的研究不足和今后的发展方向:(1)加大不同时空尺度的植物和土壤微生物群落研究;(2)精确全球变化多因子交互作用对植物和土壤微生物群落多样性影响的估算。The diversity of plant and soil microbial communities in ecosystems is strongly influenced by global changes, such as nitrogen(N) deposition, global warming, elevated atmospheric CO2(eCO2) and extreme drought and so on. The relationship between plant diversity and soil microbial community diversity under global changes is critical to deepening our knowledge for biodiversity conservation. Here, we reviewed the response and adaptation of plant and soil microbial community diversity in terrestrial ecosystem to the interaction of single and multiple factors(two, three and four factors) of the above four global changes. The main conclusions are:(1) Global change single factors(N deposition, global warming and extreme drought) have changed the composition of plant and soil microbial community, showing three effects: positive, negative and no impact, most of which are negative effects. For example, N deposition negatively affects plant and soil microbial diversity, with more pronounced effects with increasing N deposition and duration. Global warming changes plant phenology, reduces plant diversity and promotes the succession and differentiation of soil microbial communities. Extreme drought leads to directional changes in plant composition, decreases plant diversity and promotes the growth of halophytes, decreases microbial biomass and activity, and promotes the shift to osmotic stress strategy.(2) eCO2 increases plant photosynthesis and stimulate plant growth with its impact on plant diversity depends on resource availability. Generally, it increases the relative abundance of rhizosphere bacteria and soil fungi to accelerate soil carbon source utilization. And(3) the correlation effects of plant-soil microbial community diversity under multi-factors interaction of global change are mainly synergistic, cumulative, offset, tradeoff or non-additive, in which N deposition×global warming is cumulative;N deposition ×eCO2 is synergistic to plant biomass, but maybe opposite or offset to plant community;Warming ×eCO2 is cum

关 键 词：植物多样性 土壤微生物群落多样性 全球变化 单因子 多因子交互作用 

分 类 号：X17[环境科学与工程—环境科学]