河西灌区酿酒葡萄水肥一体化的水肥适宜用量  

Suitable irrigation and fertilization amount for wine grape under integration of water and fertilizer in Hexi irrigation region

作　　者：陈娟 马忠明[2] 罗双龙 CHEN Juan;MA Zhongming;LUO Shuanglong(Institute of Economic Crops and Malting Barley Material,Gansu Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Lanzhou 730070,Gansu,China;Gansu Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Lanzhou 730070,Gansu,China)

机构地区：[1]甘肃省农业科学院经济作物与啤酒原料研究所,甘肃兰州730070 [2]甘肃省农业科学院,甘肃兰州730070

出　　处：《经济林研究》2019年第4期81-87,共7页Non-wood Forest Research

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2017YFD0201508)

摘　　要：为完善河西灌区酿酒葡萄节水控肥技术,以5年生酿酒葡萄‘Merlot’为研究对象,分析不同灌水量与施肥量对酿酒葡萄修剪量、产量、灌水生产力和肥料偏生产率的影响。以常规大水漫灌撒施化肥为对照(CK),采用灌水和施肥二因素裂区试验,3个滴灌灌水量水平为2400 m3/hm2(WL)、3600 m3/hm2(WM)、4800 m3/hm2(WH),3个施肥量(N-P2O5-K2O)水平分别为870 kg/hm2(FH)、580 kg/hm2(FM)、290 kg/hm2(FL)。运用多元回归分析,量化滴灌酿酒葡萄的适宜灌水量和施肥量。结果表明:水肥投入量显著影响酿酒葡萄的生长与产量。随着灌水量和施肥量的增加,修剪量呈上升趋势。中水中肥(WMFM)处理可以显著增加酿酒葡萄果实的百粒质量、产量,提高灌水生产力与肥料偏生产率。继续增加灌水量与施肥量(WHFH)降低了百粒质量,且产量未显著增加,灌水生产力与肥料偏生产率显著下降。与CK相比,WMFM处理能节水59.73%,节肥42.00%,增产31.29%。根据建立的滴灌水肥投入量与酿酒葡萄产量关系模型进行分析,结果表明研究区滴灌酿酒葡萄适宜的灌水量为4127.00 m3/hm2,氮、磷、钾肥适宜的施用量分别为240.50、216.45、240.50 kg/hm2,此模式可作为当地酿酒葡萄滴灌节水、控肥的最优水肥模式。In order to improve saving-water and controlling-fertilizer technology for wine grape in Hexi irrigation region,using five-year-old wine grape‘Merlot’as research object,effects of different irrigation and fertilization amount on pruning amount,yield,irrigation productivity and partial fertilizer productivity were analyzed.A split-plot test with two factors of irrigation and fertilization was carried out,and a conventional treatment of flood irrigation and sprinkling chemical fertilizer was used as control(CK).Three levels of drip irrigation amount were 2400 m3/hm2(WL),3600 m3/hm2(WM),4800 m3/hm2(WH),and three levels of fertilization(N-P2O5-K2O)amount were 870 kg/hm2(FH),580 kg/hm2(FM)and 290 kg/hm2(FL).The best combination of irrigation and fertilization amount for wine grape under drip irrigation was obtained by using multivariate regression analysis.The results showed that,irrigation and fertilizer amount significantly affected growth and yield of wine grape.With increasing of irrigation or fertilization amount,pruning amount was increased.In the moderate irrigation and fertilization amount treatment(WMFM),100-berry mass,yield,irrigation productivity and partial fertilizer productivity were significantly increased.With increasing of irrigation and fertilization amount,100-berry mass was decreased,but yield was not significantly increased,and irrigation productivity and partial fertilizer productivity were significantly decreased.WMFM treatment can save water by 59.73%,save fertilizer by 42.00%,and increase yield by 31.29%,compared with CK.Based on relationship model of dip irrigation&fertilization amount and yield of wine grape,suitable irrigation amount was 4127.00 m3/hm2,and suitable NPK fertilization amount were 240.50,216.45 and 240.50 kg/hm2,respectively.The mode can be used as the best savingwater and controlling-fertilizer mode for wine grape in the area under drip irrigation conditions.

关 键 词：滴灌 肥料 灌水 酿酒葡萄 产量 河西灌区 

分 类 号：S663.1[农业科学—果树学]