战后初期美国“自由列车”政治动员项目的实施及其影响  

The Implementation of the ‘Freedom Train’Political Mobilization Program in the U.S. during the Early Post-War Period and Its Influence

作　　者：李昀 Li Yun

机构地区：[1]福建师范大学社会历史学院

出　　处：《世界历史》2019年第5期1-11,151,共12页World History

基　　金：福建师范大学社科高级别课题培育项目“冷战初期美国国内宣传与国家身份塑造研究”(项目编号:VG-1825)的资助

摘　　要：战后初期,美国在国内开展了多次冷战政治动员活动。其中,"自由列车"项目规模最大、影响深远。杜鲁门政府借助"自由列车"在全国巡展之机,将凝结于美国人内心深处的"自由"观念与反共主义相结合,推行了以效忠国家和服膺"自由"价值为主旨的教育宣传活动。"自由列车"项目反映出冷战期间美国如何界定"自由"的内涵,以及美国人对公民责任、公民权利等问题的思考。这场政治动员在唤起美国人的"自由"观念、进行全面冷战的同时,也进一步触发了美国民众特别是黑人群体对"自由"理念的怀疑,以及捍卫自身权利与自由的意识。"自由列车"宣扬的"自由"理念与不平等的现实之间的矛盾,从一个侧面说明了美国"自由"的局限性与双重标准。The United States implemented many political mobilization activities of the Cold War at home during the early post-war period. Among all the U. S. activities,the ‘Freedom Train’program was the largest and had the far-reaching impact. During the traveling exhibition of the ‘Freedom Train’,the Truman Administration combined the idea of freedom with anti-Communism and advocated the value of ‘freedom ’ and the loyalty to country. The ‘Freedom Train ’ program reflected how the Americans defined the meaning of ‘freedom’and how they thought about citizen’s duties and rights during the Cold War. This political mobilization program not only aroused the American people’s idea of ‘freedom ’ throughout the Cold War,but also triggered the American people’s,especially the African-American people’s,distrust to the idea of ‘freedom’and their awareness of defending rights and freedom. The contradiction between the concept of ‘freedom’advocated by the‘Freedom Train’and the reality of inequality illustrated the hypocrisy and double standard of the American‘freedom’.

关 键 词：美国 冷战 杜鲁门政府 政治动员 自由列车 

分 类 号：G63[文化科学—教育学]