膳食结构与营养状况:民国时期四川农民生活水平的量化分析  

Malnutrition and Structural Imbalance: the Study of Peasants’ Nutrition Status of Sichuan Province During the Period of the Republic of China

作　　者：姚顺东[1] 肖小勇[1] Yao Shundong;Xiao Xiaoyong(Hunan University of Humanities and Science,Changde,Hunan 415000)

机构地区：[1]湖南文理学院洞庭湖生态经济建设与发展协同创新中心

出　　处：《古今农业》2019年第3期97-106,88,共11页Ancient and Modern Agriculture

基　　金：湖南省教育厅重点课题《民国时期洞庭湖区农民生活水平研究》(13A063)的部分成果;湖南省重点学科“产业经济学”、湖南省创新团队农地流转与现代农业经营方式转变、现代农业经营方式转变研究基地的资助

摘　　要：民国时期四川农民的食物消费总量呈现递增趋势,消费结构以植物性消费为主,动物性食品明显不足,受抗战影响,消费总量明显减少,食物结构更为失衡;消费总量和结构都存在明显的区域差异和阶层差异。从营养学标准来看,该时段四川农民的营养总热量摄入超过国际标准和现代营养学标准,且高于全国平均水平;热量和蛋白质的总供给基本上能够满足最低程度的需要,但蛋白质的质量较差,表现为一定程度的营养不良。总能量供给结构不平衡;摄入的蛋白质等各类营养素除脂肪外均超过国际标准;维生素因食品结构不同而存在区域差异,营养结构表现为一定程度的失衡。这与当时四川的经济发展状况及农民的收入水平的变化相吻合。The food structure of peasants in Sichuan province is characteristic of priority to plant food consumption,especially rice and flour from 1920 s to 1940 s. There are clear regional and class differences of food consumption structure. From the point of view of nutrition standards,the total nutrient intake of the farmers in Sichuan Province has exceeded the international standard and modern nutrition standard,and been higher than the national average level. In addition,from the point of view of the total supply of calories and protein, the nutrition of farmers in Sichuan Province is basically able to meet the needs of the lowest level,the energy from cereals accounted for a large proportion in the peasants’ energy sources,and the proportion from fats was relatively low,which tended to be a certain degree of malnutrition. The quantity of all kinds of nutrients intake such as protein,except fats,was more than the international standard. There were regional differences of Vitamin intake due to different food structure. The nutritional structure showed a certain degree of imbalance.

关 键 词：民国时期 四川农民 膳食结构 营养水平 

分 类 号：R15[医药卫生—营养与食品卫生学]