对偶类型新论  

A New View on Types of Antithetical Parallelisms

作　　者：罗积勇[1] 蔡丰 Luo Jiyong;Cai Feng(School of Chinese Language and Literature,Wuhan University,Wuhan 430072,Hubei,China)

机构地区：[1]武汉大学文学院

出　　处：《长江学术》2019年第4期90-98,共9页Yangtze River Academic

基　　金：国家社会科学基金项目“中国对偶修辞通史”（19BYY034）;武汉大学中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金项目“中国对偶修辞演进史”（413000077）

摘　　要：关于对偶的类型,前人的分类随意性大,逻辑性不强。本文结合对偶修辞的历史实践,在分析和参考古人对偶分类理论的基础上,先分出了五种基本类型,然后着重分析由工对、宽对衍生出来的类型,揭示了由自对且他对的工对发展到纯粹自对的历史过程。最后分析了因对偶长期与其他修辞格的融合使用而产生的新的对偶方式,并首次讨论了鼎足对产生的原因和形成的过程。我们发现,追求对偶形式美和追求对偶内容美这对矛盾,是推动对偶类型多样化的根本原因。较之古人近30种对偶类型,本文提供的对偶分类框架简单很多,且具层次和逻辑性。As for the types of antithetical parallelisms, the former classification is arbitrary and not logical. Based on the historical practice of rhetoric of antithetical parallelisms and the theory of antithetical parallelism classification of the ancients, this paper first divides duality into five basic types, and then focuses on the analysis of the types derived from the neat form and the loose form, revealing the historical process of the development from the free parallelism to the simple parallelism which only can pair in the single line of a parallelism, and finally analyzes the new parallelism caused by the combination of parallelism and other figures of speech for a long time, and for the first time analyzes the causes and the process of the formation of the tripod pair. We find that the contradiction between the pursuit of antithetical parallel formal beauty and content beauty is the fundamental reason for the diversification of types.Compared with the nearly 30 types of classified by the ancients, the duality classification framework provided in this paper is much simpler, more hierarchical and more logical.

关 键 词：汉语修辞史 对偶类型 工对 宽对 

分 类 号：G63[文化科学—教育学]