基于云南水库沉积物粒度特征分析的土壤侵蚀研究  

Study on soil erosion by grain size analysis of reservoir in Yunnan

作　　者：温志明 蒙红卫[1] 孙启发 秦鼎 WEN Zhi-ming;MENG Hong-wei;SUN Qi-fa;QIN Ding(Yunnan Key Laboratory of Plateau Geographical Processes&Environmental Changes,School of Tourism and Geographical Sciences,Yunnan Normal University,Kunming 650500,China)

机构地区：[1]云南师范大学旅游与地理科学学院云南省高原地理过程与环境变化重点实验室

出　　处：《环境生态学》2019年第7期72-78,共7页Environmental Ecology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(41601201);云南省高端科技人才引进项目(2013HA024);云南省教育厅科学研究基金项目(2014Y143)资助

摘　　要：土壤侵蚀是我国面临的主要环境问题之一,严重制约了国家经济社会的可持续发展。通过对云南文山州水库的表层沉积物样品进行粒度分析,结合其降雨量的空间分布特征,探讨了文山州各区域水库粒度变化特征及周边的土壤侵蚀状况。33个水库沉积物粒度组分以粉砂(2~63μm)占优势,含量在80%~90%,黏土(<2μm)平均含量为10%,粗砂(250~2000μm)平均含量为3.96%,细砂(63~250μm)的含量极少,仅个别达到1%~2%。各水库沉积物的平均粒径为3.8~22μm不等,约有一半的水库沉积物平均粒径在6~8μm;分选系数绝大多数都在1.0~2.0,分选较差;偏度SK大部分在-0.1~0.1,峰态除红舍克水库外均在0.9~1.11。分析结果表明,库区的土壤侵蚀程度与降雨量相关性不明显,而与水库距大型居民点的距离关系密切,即人类活动越强烈的区域水库周边土壤侵蚀越严重,可见文山州土壤侵蚀的主要影响因素为人类活动。The soil erosion is one of the major important environmental problems in China,which seriously restricts the sustainable development of the national economy and society.Particle size analysis was performed on surface sediment samples collected from 33 reservoirs in Wenshan Yunnan.Based on the classification of grain size and grain size parameter calculation,the soil erosion status of each region in Wenshan was discussed.The results show that the silt(2~63μm)is the dominant granule of sediments in 33 reservoirs,the proportion reaches 80%~90%.The average content of clay is 10%,and the content of coarse sand is 3.96%.There is very little fine sand(63~250μm)in samples,only 1%~2%individually.The average particle size ranges from 3.8 to 22μm,half of the reservoir sediments have an average particle size of 6~8μm.Most sediment sorting coefficient is between 1.0~2.0,it is poor sorting.Most of the skewness is between-0.1 and 0.1,and the kurtosis is between 0.9 and 1.11 except for the Red Sheke reservoir.Based on the spatial distribution of rainfall in Wenshan,the results show that there are different degrees of soil erosion in reservoir surrounding areas in Wenshan.Because of the good vegetation coverage,there is no obvious correlation between the erosion and rainfall,but close to the location of the reservoir to the large settlements close.That is,the more intense human activities,the more serious the soil erosion around the reservoir area.

关 键 词：粒度分析 土壤侵蚀 水库沉积物 云南 

分 类 号：X45[环境科学与工程—灾害防治] S157[农业科学—土壤学]