荷兰刑事诉讼中鉴定人制度改革及启示  

Reform of Netherlands Criminal Forensic Appraisal System and the Enlightenment Thereof

作　　者：陈川[1] CHEN Chuan(East China University of Political Science and Law,Shanghai 200042,China)

机构地区：[1]华东政法大学,上海200042

出　　处：《中国司法鉴定》2019年第6期10-16,共7页Chinese Journal of Forensic Sciences

基　　金：十三五国家重点研发计划(2016YFC0800707)。

摘　　要：荷兰刑事诉讼呈职权主义模式,刑事鉴定以侦查机关为主导,而犯罪嫌疑人的权利通常被忽视,造成“控辩失衡”进而导致司法错判数量逐年上升。为确保司法公正,恢复公众对法治的信任,荷兰对司法鉴定相关制度进行了改革。主要特点有:新设司法鉴定人登记委员会,统一鉴定标准,选拔高质量的鉴定人;赋予犯罪嫌疑人鉴定启动权,平衡侦查机关与被控方的诉讼权利;注重法官对鉴定意见的审查能力,保障司法鉴定在刑事案件中的作用和价值。上述特点可为中国当前司法鉴定中存在的鉴定标准混乱,鉴定机构不统一以及鉴定意见采信度低等问题的解决提供相关借鉴。The Netherlands criminal procedure is a model of authoritarianism.Criminal identification is dominated by investigative organs,and the rights of criminal suspects are often neglected,resulting in“prosecution and defense imbalance”,which has led to an increase in the number of wrong judgments.In order to ensure judicial justice and restore public trust in the rule of law,the Netherlands has reformed the system of judicial appraisal.The main features are as follows:Newly established Judicial Appraiser Registration Committee,unified identification standards,and selection of high-quality identification experts;Provide criminal suspects with the right to initiate appraisal process and balance the litigation rights of the investigating authorities and the accused;Pay attention to the judge’s ability to review the appraisal conclusions and guarantee the role and value of judicial appraisal in criminal cases.The above characteristics can provide relevant reference for resolving the problems of chaotic appraisal standards,inconsistency of the appraisal institutions and the low rate of adoption of appraisal opinions.

关 键 词：荷兰 刑事案件 司法鉴定 司法鉴定人登记委员会 

分 类 号：DF794[政治法律—诉讼法学] DF73[政治法律—法学]