我国垄断行业与非垄断行业间的工资差距——基于流动人口数据的分析  

Wage Disparity between Monopoly Industries and Non-monopoly Industries——Based on CMDS Data

作　　者：宁光杰 姜现 NING Guang-jie;JIANG Xian(Business School,Shandong University,Weihai Shandong 264209;Policy Research Center for Environment and Economy,Ministry of Ecology and Environment of the People s Republic of China,Beijing,100029,China)

机构地区：[1]山东大学商学院,山东威海264209 [2]生态环境部环境与经济政策研究中心,北京100029

出　　处：《安徽师范大学学报（社会科学版）》2019年第6期122-132,共11页Journal of Anhui Normal University(Hum.&Soc.Sci.)

基　　金：国家自然科学基金面上项目(71973081);山东省社会科学规划研究项目(19BYSJ39)

摘　　要：行业收入差距是影响我国收入不平等的一个重要方面,其中垄断行业与非垄断行业的工资差距尤为突出。利用2014年全国流动人口动态监测调查数据进行研究,在克服选择偏差的基础上估计了垄断行业和非垄断行业间的工资差距,并通过Oaxaca-Blinder分解法探讨差距形成的原因。研究发现,我国垄断行业的平均月工资比非垄断行业高23.15%,这一差距中68.97%是由垄断造成的不合理工资差距。由于存在劳动力进入壁垒,人力资本水平较高、社会背景较优越的劳动者更容易享受到垄断行业的高工资。相比于非垄断行业,垄断行业拥有更高的人力资本工资回报率。因而降低行业垄断水平、打破垄断行业的劳动力进入壁垒,能够有效缩小我国行业间的工资差距。Income disparity between industries is a major aspect of the income inequality in China.The wage disparity between monopoly industries and non-monopoly industries is particularly prominent.Adopting 2014 China Migrant Dynamic Survey(CMDS)data,we study this issue.Heckman selection bias correction method was used to estimate inter-industry wage disparity,and Oaxaca-Blinder method to identify the causes of the wage disparity.The results show:the average monthly wage level of monopoly industries was about 23.15% higher than that of non-monopoly industries,and 68.97% of the gap is unreasonable caused by the monopoly.Workers with higher levels of human capital and better social background are more likely to enter monopoly industries and enjoy higher wages.Compared to non-monopoly industries,monopoly industries has a higher return rate of human capital.Thus,to reduce inter-industry wage disparity,we should decrease the level of industry monopoly and reduce entry barriers of monopoly industry.

关 键 词：行业间工资差距 垄断 人力资本 选择偏差 

分 类 号：F244[经济管理—劳动经济]