河道采砂对赣江中下游水生态环境的影响研究  

Impact of sand mining on aquatic ecological environment of middle and lower reaches of Ganjiang River

作　　者：胡芳[1] 刘聚涛[1] 冯倩[1] 温春云[1] 万怡国[1] 韩柳[1] HU Fang;LIU Jutao;FENG Qian;WEN Chunyun;WAN Yiguo;HAN Liu(Jiangxi Institute of Water Sciences,Nanchang 330029,China)

机构地区：[1]江西省水利科学研究院

出　　处：《人民长江》2019年第11期69-74,共6页Yangtze River

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2018YFC0407600);江西省水利厅科技项目(KT201605,KT201613,KT201701)

摘　　要：为探究河道采砂对赣江中下游水生态环境的影响,于2017年9~11月对赣江中下游典型采区采砂作业时的水生态环境样品进行了采样,分析采砂扰动下赣江中下游水生态环境特征。结果表明:①主要污染物为SS,TN和TP,其中TN背景浓度较高,采砂对水体理化指标的影响因采砂方式、采砂船数量、采砂船功率不同而不同,泵吸式采砂船对水生态环境的影响大于抓斗式。②共检出浮游植物55种,浮游植物细胞密度为1.82×10^3~8.42×10^5 cells/L,平均细胞密度为1.29×10^5 cells/L,硅藻、隐藻为优势类群,南赣中13、栖龙Ⅱ等采区局部水域蓝藻比例较高。③采砂对浮游植物群落结构的影响主要表现为浮游植物种类和细胞密度的降低以及浮游植物优势类群和优势种的改变。In order to study the impact of sand mining on the aquatic ecological environment, the samples of aquatic ecological environment in typical mining areas in the middle and lower reaches of the Ganjiang River were collected from September to November 2017. Results showed that:(1)the main pollutants in the middle and lower reaches of the Ganjiang River were SS, TN and TP, and the background concentration of TN was high. The influence of sand mining on environment was related to mining ways, numbers and the power of sand dredges. The influence of pump dredger on water ecological environment was greater than that of grab dredger.(2)55 species of phytoplankton were detected in the middle and lower reaches of the Ganjiang River, and the mean phytoplankton density was 1.29×10^5cells/L with the range from 1.82×10^3cells/L to 8.42×10^5cells/L. Diatoms and Cryptophyta were the dominant groups, Cyanobacteria dominated in some sand mining areas such as NG3 and QL.(3)Sand mining impacts on phytoplankton are reduction of phytoplankton in species and cell density and change in phytoplankton dominant population and species.

关 键 词：浮游植物 水生态环境 采砂 赣江中下游 

分 类 号：X171[环境科学与工程—环境科学]