低温和赤霉素对泰山黄精种子萌发特性的影响  

Effects of Low-Temperature and Gibberellin on Seed Germination Characteristics of Polygonatum sibiricum

作　　者：孙文帅 陈为序 祝丽香[1] 秦宁 刘盈盈 曲洪瑶 郑敏 孙湄婷 葛春妹 Sun Wenshuai;Chen Weixu;Zhu Lixiang;Qin Ning;Liu Yingying;Qu Hongyao;Zheng Min;Sun Meiting;Ge Chunmei(Agronomy College,Shandong Agricultural University,Taian 271018,China;Shangyao Huayu(Linyi)Traditional Chinese Resources Co.,Ltd.,Linyi 276000,China)

机构地区：[1]山东农业大学农学院,山东泰安271018 [2]上药华宇(临沂)中药资源有限公司,山东临沂276000

出　　处：《山东农业科学》2019年第11期64-67,共4页Shandong Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：泰安市大学生科技创新计划项目(2017D003);山东农业大学大学生科技创新计划项目

摘　　要：泰山黄精种子在自然条件下萌发率低、出苗缓慢,提高种子萌发率、缩短育苗时间是泰山黄精栽培所面临的关键问题。本研究将泰山黄精果实与湿沙混合层积处理,处理温度设室外自然低温贮藏、-4℃低温冷藏和-20℃低温冷藏,然后用赤霉素浸泡,研究打破泰山黄精种子休眠的方法。自然低温贮藏、-4℃低温冷藏湿沙层积泰山黄精种子萌发率为35.61%~42.39%,-20℃低温冷藏后萌发率极低。湿沙层积处理后用赤霉素浸泡显著提高种子萌发率,-4℃低温冷藏后用100 mg·L^-1赤霉素处理萌发率最高。形态学研究发现,泰山黄精种子萌发首先形成小球茎,小球茎分化出不定根和芽后休眠30~40 d,最后形成幼苗。由此推测泰山黄精种子存在二次休眠现象,即种子休眠和小球茎休眠。湿沙层积-4℃低温冷藏后的泰山黄精种子用100 mg·L^-1赤霉素浸泡24 h能够打破其种子休眠,显著缩短小球茎休眠时间,是提高泰山黄精种子育苗效率的一种有效方法。Under natural conditions,the germination rate was low and the emergence rate was slow of Polygonatum sibiricum seeds.To improve the germination rate and shorten the seedling time were the key problems in the cultivation of P.sibiricum.In this study,the fruits of P.sibiricum mixed with high-moisture sand and treated with three kinds of low temperature(outdoor natural low-temperature,-4℃and-20℃),and then,the seeds were soaked in GA solutions to study the method for breaking seed dormancy.The germination rate of seeds of P.sibiricum treated by natural low-temperature and-4℃cold storage was 35.61%~42.39%,while that treated by-20℃cold storage was close to zero,which indicated that fruits of P.sibiricum could not be stored at-20℃with high-moisture sand.The germination rate of P.sibiricum seeds treated by wet sand stratification was significantly increased after soaked with gibberellin,and the highest germination rate was obtained in 100 mg·L^-1 gibberellin treatment after-4℃cold storage.The study of seed germination morphology of P.sibiricum showed that the seeds firstly formed small corms,which then differentiated into roots and buds,and finally formed seedlings after dormant for 30~40 days.Therefore,it could be concluded that there were two-dormancy in the seeds of P.sibiricum,namely seed dormancy and small corm dormancy.The dormancy of P.sibiricum seeds could be broken and the dormancy time of small corm could be significantly shortened by soaked in 100 mg·L^-1 gibberellin for 24 hours after stratification with high moisture and stored at-4℃,which was an effective method to improve seedling efficiency.

关 键 词：泰山黄精 低温贮藏 赤霉素 休眠 发芽率 

分 类 号：S567.21[农业科学—中草药栽培]