深圳市售贝类镉的污染与健康风险评价  

Accumulation and health risks of cadmium in consuming shellfish from Shenzhen markets

作　　者：潘柳波[1] 刘威[1] 王舟[1] 杨淋清[1] PAN Liu-bo;LIU Wei;WANG Zhou;YANG Lin-qing(Institute of Nutrition and Food Safety,Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Shenzhen Guangdong,518055,China)

机构地区：[1]深圳市疾病预防控制中心营养与食品安全所

出　　处：《职业与健康》2019年第20期2777-2781,共5页Occupation and Health

基　　金：深圳市科技计划项目(JCYJ20160428143634086)

摘　　要：目的监测深圳市售贝类镉的污染情况,评估贝类镉对人体健康的危害。方法 2015-2017年采用多阶段分层随机抽样方法从深圳市水产批发市场采集1 962份市售贝类样本为研究对象,用电感耦合等离子体质普法进行镉的含量进行测定。采用单因子污染指数(Pi)法和靶器官危害系数(THQ)法评价镉污染程度和贝类镉的人体健康风险。结果 1 962份贝类样本镉含量范围为0.001~13.400 mg/kg,贝类镉中位数为0.374 mg/kg。454份样本镉含量超出限量标准,超标率为23.14%。不同贝类镉含量中位数从高到低依次为带子>圆贝>扇贝>牡蛎>沙白>青口>花甲>蛏子>鲍鱼。Kruskal-Wallis H检验发现,不同贝类镉含量差异有统计学意义(H=157 8.366,P<0.05)。贝类镉单因子污染指数显示,50.87%贝类镉的浓度属于正常背景值范围,9.38%贝类属于镉轻度污染水平,7.80%贝类属于镉中度污染水平,31.96%贝类属于镉重度污染水平。贝类总体的镉THQ中位数小于1.0,属于安全范围。但部分贝类中的镉THQ的第95百分位数值大于1.0,表明少数贝类中镉存在潜在的人体非致癌风险。结论深圳市售贝类镉污染较高,对人体健康存在风险,应高度重视贝类中镉的潜在危害。Objective To monitor the cadmium pollution in consuming shellfish in Shenzhen markets,and assess its health risks.Methods By the multi-stage stratified random sampling method,the 1 962 shellfish samples were collected in Shenzhen markets from 2015-2017. The cadmium contents were detected by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry(ICP-MS). The degree of cadmium pollution and human health risks of cadmium in shellfish were evaluated by single factor index(Pi) and the Target Hazard Quotient(THQ) method. Results The concentrations of cadmium in 1 962 shellfish samples were 0.001-13.400 mg/kg with an overall median of 0.374 mg/kg. The cadmium contents of 454 samples exceeded the standard limits,with the exceeding standard rate of23.14%. The median cadmium contents of different shellfish from high to low were as follows :King scallop > Giant ezo scallop >Scallop>Oyster>White clam mactra>Perna viridis>Clam>Razor clam>Abalone. Kruskal-Wallis H test showed that the difference in cadmium content was statistically significant among different shellfish types(H=157 8.366,P<0.05). The single factor index showed that 50.87% of the shellfish samples belonged to pollution-free,9.38% of the shellfish samples belonged to mild pollution,7.80%of the shellfish samples belonged to moderate pollution,and 31.96% of the shellfish samples belonged to serious pollution. The overall median THQ was less than 1.0,which was in the safe level. But 95 th percentile of THQ in some shellfish samples was higher than 1.0,indicating cadmium in a few shellfish has potential non-carcinogenic risk in human body. Conclusion The pollution of cadmium in consuming shellfish from Shenzhen markets is relatively high,and the risk of dietary cadmium exposure by shellfish intake existed in residents in Shenzhen should be of concern.

关 键 词：贝类 镉 健康风险评估 

分 类 号：R155.33[医药卫生—营养与食品卫生学]