1900—2017年湄公河流域五国自然灾害特征分析  

Spatial and temporal distribution characteristics of natural disasters in Mekong River Basin

作　　者：陈兴茹[1] 王兴勇[1] 白音包力皋[1] 崔巍[1] CHEN Xingru;WANG Xingyong;Baiyinbaoligao;CUI Wei(Department of Hydraulics,China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research,Beijing 100038,China)

机构地区：[1]中国水利水电科学研究院水力学研究所

出　　处：《中国水利水电科学研究院学报》2019年第5期327-333,共7页Journal of China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research

基　　金：水援助专项支出项目（SYZZC011701)

摘　　要：湄公河流域是我国实施"一带一路"倡议、发展周边外交的重要区域。因此,了解该流域的自然灾害的特征,对于各国增信释疑及我国构建稳固的周边外交关系具有十分重要的意义。本文以比利时EM-DAT数据库为依据,通过统计分析湄公河流域5国1900-2017年的自然灾害数据,初步揭示了自然灾害的时间分布特征和空间分布特征。通过研究可以得到如下结论:洪水、风暴是对湄公河流域国家危害最大的自然灾害,其中,洪水是最主要的致灾因子;从对流域人口生命影响角度看,对湄公河流域国家人口死亡影响最大的自然灾害前3位分别是风暴、洪水和流行病;各国自然灾害的构成大体相同,但不同国家有所区别。2011年GDP15%。Based on the EM-DAT database of Belgium,this study preliminarily reveals the temporal and spatial distribution characteristics of natural disasters by analyzing the data of natural disasters in five countries of the Mekong River basin from 1900 to 2017. Through the study,the following conclusions can be obtained:(1) Flood and storms are the most harmful natural disasters to the Mekong River basin countries,among which flood is the most important disaster-causing factor;(2) From the perspective of the impact on the life of the population in the basin,the top three natural disasters that have the greatest impact on the death of the population in the Mekong River basin countries are storm,floods,epidemics and earthquakes;(3) The composition of natural disasters in different countries is basically the same,but different countries also have differences.(4) Extreme disasters in 2011 resulted in the economic losses of flood disasters in the basin accounting for about 15% of GDP in that year.

关 键 词：湄公河流域 自然灾害 EM-DAT 

分 类 号：X43[环境科学与工程—灾害防治]