大河三角洲环境脆弱性评价方法与应用  

Method and Application of Environmental Vulnerability Evaluation in Great River Deltas

作　　者：岳增友 李连伟[1,2] 徐洋峰 崔建勇 薛存金[3] YUE Zengyou;LI Lianwei;XU Yangfeng;CUI Jianyong;XUE Cunjin(College of Ocean and Space Information,China University of Petroleum,Qingdao 266580,China;Laboratory for Marine Mineral Resources,Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology,Qingdao 266071,China;Key Laboratory of Digital Earth Science,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Aerospace Information Institute,Beijing 100094,China)

机构地区：[1]中国石油大学(华东)海洋与空间信息学院,山东青岛266580 [2]青岛海洋科学与技术国家实验室海洋矿产资源评价与探测技术功能实验室,山东青岛266071 [3]中国科学院空天信息研究院数字地球重点实验室,北京100094

出　　处：《安全与环境工程》2019年第6期114-121,共8页Safety and Environmental Engineering

基　　金：中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金项目(17CX02005A);中国科学院战略性先导科技专项子课题项目(XDA19060103);国家自然科学基金项目(41471322)

摘　　要：大河三角洲区域是我国重要的经济区域和人口密集区域,经济的快速发展与人口的大量集聚严重影响着大河三角洲的生态环境。为保证社会经济与生态环境的和谐发展,首先构建了包含人类活动和自然因素的大河三角洲环境脆弱性评价指标体系,设计了评价指标量化方法;然后对比分析了模式识别方法与层次分析法在黄河三角洲环境脆弱性评价的应用效果,确定了以层次分析法作为大河三角洲环境脆弱性评价模型;最后基于RS技术与GIS软件平台实现了大河三角洲环境脆弱性评价与空间分布格局分析。结果表明:黄河三角洲环境脆弱性各等级类型的分布面积差别不大,其环境脆弱性等级空间分布呈现自东北沿海向西南陆地逐渐减弱的趋势,环境脆弱性等级主要受自然因素的影响与制约;长江三角洲环境脆弱性主要表现为轻度脆弱(39.46%)和极度脆弱(26.46%),环境脆弱性等级空间分布呈现自长江沿岸向两侧逐渐减弱的趋势,环境脆弱性等级主要受人类活动的影响与制约;珠江三角洲环境脆弱性主要表现为重度脆弱(38.98%)和极度脆弱(30.89%),环境脆弱性等级空间分布呈现自珠江沿岸向两侧逐渐减弱的趋势,环境脆弱性等级主要受人类活动和植被的影响与制约;统一等级分级标准后发现长江三角洲环境脆弱性最严重,黄河三角洲环境脆弱性最低,珠江三角洲环境脆弱性居中,故大河三角洲环境脆弱性主要受人类活动和植被的影响和制约。Great river delta regions are important economic and densely populated regions in China.The rapid economic development and large population accumulation have seriously affected the ecological environment of great river deltas.In order to ensure the rapid social and economic development and the harmonious development of environment,this paper constructs the evaluation index system of environmental vulnerability in great river deltas which includes human activities and natural factors,designs the quantitative evaluation index method,compares and analyses the application effect of pattern recognition method and analytic hierarchy process(AHP)in the assessment of environmental vulnerability in the Yellow River Delta.The analytic hierarchy process model is used as the environmental vulnerability assessment model of large river deltas.Based on RS technology and GIS software platform,the paper realizes the environmental vulnerability assessment and spatial distribution pattern analysis of great river deltas.The results of the sub-regional environmental vulnerability evaluation indicate that there is little difference in the environmental vulnerability level,type and distribution in the Yellow River Delta.The spatial distribution of environmental vulnerability level shows a trend of gradual decrease from the northeast coast to the southwest land;the environmental vulnerability in the Yangtze River Delta is mainly characterized by slight vulnerability and extreme vulnerability,and the spatial distribution of vulnerabilities shows a trend of gradual decrease from the coasts to both sides;the environmental vulnerabiligy in the Pearl River Delta is mainly characterized by serious vulnerability and extreme vulnerability,and the spatial distribution of vulnerabilities shows a trend of gradual decrease from the coasts to both sides.The findings of the unified classification standard show that the Yangtze River Delta has the most serious environmental vulnerability,the Yellow River Delta has the lowest environmental vulnerabilit

关 键 词：大河三角洲 环境脆弱性评价 模式识别方法 层次分析法 地理信息系统 

分 类 号：X826[环境科学与工程—环境工程]