盐碘浓度下调5年后西安市8～10岁学龄儿童碘营养状况  

Iodine nutrition status of school children aged 8-10 years old in Xi’an City after five years until implementation of new standard with lower iodized salt concentration

作　　者：李平[1] 陈伟[1] 时学花[1] 靳玲[1] 何姗姗[1] 丛建妮 LI Ping;CHEN Wei;SHI Xue-hua;Jin Ling;He Shan-shan;Cong Jian-ni(Department of Endemic Diseases,Xi'an Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Xi'an Shaanxi,710054,China;School of Public Health and Management,BinZhou Medical University,Yantai Shandong,264003,China)

机构地区：[1]西安市疾病预防控制中心地病科,陕西西安710054 [2]滨州医学院公共卫生与管理学院,山东烟台264003

出　　处：《职业与健康》2019年第21期2927-2930,2935,共5页Occupation and Health

摘　　要：目的了解新碘盐标准施行后西安市8~10岁学龄儿童碘营养状况,为进一步防治碘缺乏病和规范食盐加碘含量提供参考依据。方法2018年在西安市的14个区(县)按东、西、南、北和中5个方位各抽取1个乡(镇、街道办事处),每个乡(镇、街道办事处)各抽取1所小学。在所抽取小学中各随机抽取8~10岁3个年龄组42名学生,采集5~10 mL即时尿样1份,搜集家中食用盐1份,并对其中5个区县儿童进行甲状腺B超检查。结果共采集尿样2940份,尿碘中位数为227.5μg/L,3.3%和12.0%的儿童尿碘中位数<50μg/L和<100μg/L。男生尿碘水平尿碘频数分布高于女生,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),不同年龄儿童尿碘水平尿碘频数分布比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。检测食用盐样2940份,盐碘中位数为24.5 mg/kg,合格碘盐食用率96.4%,碘盐合格率97.0%,碘盐覆盖率99.4%。B超检测1050名儿童,甲状腺肿大率为3.8%,8岁儿童的甲状腺肿大率略高(5.4%),不同性别和年龄的儿童甲状腺肿大率比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论西安市8~10岁学龄儿童存在碘超量和碘缺乏共存状态,仍需加强对碘缺乏病的健康教育,提高群众的健康素养,并定期评估儿童的碘营养状态。Objective To evaluate the iodine nutritional status of school children aged 8-10 years old in Xi'an City after five years until implementation of new iodized salt standard,provide scientific evidence for further prevention and treatment of iodine deficiency disorders and standardize regulate the iodized content of salt.Methods In 2018,one township(town,sub-district office)was respectively selected from five directions of East,West,South,North and middle among the 14 districts(counties)of Xi'an City,and one primary school was randomly sampled from each township(town,sub-district office).42 students aged 8-10 years old in three age groups were randomly collected from each primary school,to collect 5-10ml instant urine sample and household salt sample.Thyroid B-ultrasonic examination was carried out in children from five districts and counties.Results A total of 2940 urine samples were collected.The median urinary iodine was 227.5μg/L,and 3.3%and 12.0%of children had the median urinary iodine below 50μg/L and below 100μg/L respectively.Urinary iodine frequency distribution in boys was higher than that in girls,and the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05).There was no statistically significant differen ce in urinary iodine frequency distribution among different age groups(P>0.05).2940 salt samples were tested,the median salt iodine was 24.5 mg/kg,the qualified iodized salt consumption rate was 96.4%,the iodized salt qualified rate was 97.0%,and the iodized salt coverage rate was 99.4%.1050 children were examined by B-ultrasound and the goiter rate was 3.8%,and the goiter rate of children aged 8 years old was slightly higher(5.4%).There were no statistically significant differences in goiter rate among different groups in gender and age(P>0.05).Conclusion Iodine excess and iodine deficiency are coexistent among scho ol children aged 8-10 years old in Xi'an City.It is necessary to strengthen the health education on iodine deficiency disorders,improve the health literacy of the people,and regularly assess

关 键 词：碘 营养状况 学龄儿童 

分 类 号：R153.2[医药卫生—营养与食品卫生学]