正规半日潮海域潮汐不对称性及量化  

Tidal asymmetry and its quantification in regular semidiurnal tide zones

作　　者：李谊纯 李庆 林振良 LI Yichun;LI Qing;LIN Zhenliang(Qinzhou Key Laboratory of Harbor,Waterway and Coastal Engineering,Beibu Gulf University,Qinzhou 535011,China)

机构地区：[1]北部湾大学钦州市港口航道与海岸工程重点实验室

出　　处：《海洋工程》2019年第6期86-93,共8页The Ocean Engineering

基　　金：钦州市科学研究与技术开发计划(20189922)

摘　　要：潮汐变形是近岸潮汐的一个基本特征,潮汐不对称的判断及量化是一个重要的研究内容。传统的判别方法是通过M2分潮与其倍潮(M4、M6等)以及分潮K1、O1和M2等的相对振幅和相对相位实现。这些方法主要基于满足特定关系的分潮组的调和常数计算,不易应用于研究潮汐不对称在不同时间尺度的变化。针对正规半日潮海域,通过对潮汐不对称的分解,对潮汐不对称在一个涨落潮过程中的产生及量化进行了探讨。研究认为,近岸潮汐一个涨落过程的历时随潮汐过程变化,在一个涨落潮过程中,近岸的潮汐不对称不仅来自于M2分潮及其倍潮或K1、O1和M2等满足一定频率关系的分潮波组合,M2分潮与任何分潮叠加均可能导致涨落潮过程的不对称及其类型的潮间转换。潮汐不对称的大小与所选分潮与M2分潮的相位、振幅之间的关系密切。给出的潮汐不对称分解方法在正规半日潮海域具有一定的适用性,能够将不同分潮对潮汐不对称的贡献进行分离。但对于相对振幅大于1/2的分潮,此分解方法尚需进一步研究。Tidal deformation is a basic feature of near-shore tide.The judgment and quantification of tidal asymmetry is an important topic.Traditional methods are based on the relative amplitude and relative phase of the M2 and its over-tides(M4,M6,et al.)in semidiurnal zone or K1,O1 and M2 in diurnal zone.However,these methods do not consider the temporal variation of tidal asymmetry.In this paper,we discuss the generation and quantification of tidal asymmetry in regular semidiurnal tidal zones.It is suggested that the duration of an ebb-flood cycle varies on different time scales.Tidal asymmetry during an ebb-flood period comes not only from the combination of M2 and its over-tides,or K1,O1 and M2 which satisfy certain frequency relations,but also from the M2 and any tide superposed.The magnitude of the tidal asymmetry is closely related to the relationship between the selected tide constitutes and the phase and amplitude of M2.The decomposition method proposed in this paper has certain applicability in regular semidiurnal zones,and can separate the contributions of different tide constitutes to tidal asymmetry.However,it needs further studies in case of main tide constitutes of relative amplitudes larger than 0.5.

关 键 词：半日潮 潮汐变形 潮汐不对称 分潮 倍潮 调和常数 潮间转换 

分 类 号：P731.2[天文地球—海洋科学]