0#柴油分散液和乳化液对栉孔扇贝的急性毒性效应及富集差异性分析  

Acute toxicity effects and bioaccumulation characteristics of No.0 diesel dispersion and diesel emulsion on Chlamys Farreri

作　　者：景玉婷 李志林[1,2] 张传松[1,2] 石晓勇[1,3] JING Yu-ting;LI Zhi-lin;ZHANG Chuan-song;SHI Xiao-yong(College of Chemistry and ChemicalEngineering,Ocean University of China,Qingdao 266100,China;Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology,Ministry of Education,Ocean University of China,Qingdao 266100,China;National Marine Hazard Mitigation Service,Beijing 100194,China)

机构地区：[1]中国海洋大学化学化工学院,山东青岛266100 [2]中国海洋大学海洋化学理论与工程技术教育部重点实验室,山东青岛266100 [3]国家海洋局海洋减灾中心,北京100194

出　　处：《海洋环境科学》2019年第6期898-904,共7页Marine Environmental Science

基　　金：国家重点研发项目(2016YFC1402101);国家海洋局海洋减灾中心科研项目(2014AA060)

摘　　要：本文以我国船舶常用燃料油0#柴油作为实验油品,以常用作海洋污染物指示的栉孔扇贝为受试生物,采用半静态暴毒实验法分别开展了栉孔扇贝对0#柴油分散液和柴油乳化液的急性毒性效应、富集与释放特征的对比研究。结果表明:(1)石油烃对栉孔扇贝具有较强的毒性效应,栉孔扇贝在柴油分散液中的96 h-LC50为2.68 mg/L,在柴油乳化液中的96 h-LC50为1.74 mg/L,二者均为高毒物质,消油剂的使用增加了柴油对扇贝的毒性;(2)栉孔扇贝在柴油乳化液中的稳态生物富集系数BCF1为404.6~91.75 mg/L,动力学生物富集系数BCF2为1973.80~327.06 mL/g,动力学吸收速率常数ku为8.89~0.71 mL/(g·h),均大于同浓度下在柴油分散液中BCF(292.2~49.6 mL/g、1412.4~106.5 mL/g)和ku(6.92~0.48 mL/(g·h)),表明栉孔扇贝对柴油乳化液有更强的富集能力与富集速率。In this paper,the Chlamys farreri was exposed in No.0 diesel dispersion and emulsion to study the characteristic of its acute toxic and accumulation and elimination effects using the semi-static bioassay.The results show that:(1)The 96 h-LC50 of No.0 diesel dispersion and emulsion are 2.68 mg/L and 1.74 mg/L,diesel dispersion and emulsion are both high toxic substances,and diesel oil shows more toxic when mixed with dispersant;(2)Steady-state bioaccumulation factor BCF1(404.6~91.75 mg/L)and kinetic bioaccumulation factor BCF2(1973.80~327.06 mL/g)and kinetic uptake rate constant ku(8.89~0.71 mL/(g·h))in diesel emulsion are greater than that in the same concentration of diesel dispersion,but there was no significant relationship between the elimination rate constant and concentration in ambient seawater.Results indicated that Chlamys farreri has greater enrichment ability and rate in diesel emulsion.

关 键 词：柴油 消油剂 栉孔扇贝 毒性效应 富集与释放 

分 类 号：X171.5[环境科学与工程—环境科学]