发酵饲料在克氏原螯虾喂养中的应用研究  

Study on the Application of Fermented Feed in the Feeding of Crayfish

作　　者：马仁胜 高常年 鲍俊杰[3] 王永杰[3] MA Ren-sheng;GAO Chang-nian;BAO Jun-jie(Feixi Animal Disease Prevention and Control Center,Hefei,Anhui 231200;Feixi Jiayu Ecological Agriculture Technology Co.,Ltd.,Hefei,Anhui 231200;Fisheries Research Institute,Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Hefei,Anhui 230031)

机构地区：[1]肥西动物疾病预防控制中心,安徽合肥231200 [2]肥西稼渔生态农业科技有限公司,安徽合肥231200 [3]安徽省农业科学院水产研究所,安徽合肥230031

出　　处：《安徽农业科学》2019年第24期122-124,共3页Journal of Anhui Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：肥西县科技特派员专项

摘　　要：[目的]优化植物源蛋白发酵饲料的生产工艺,探讨发酵饲料替代传统膨化饲料饲养克氏原螯虾的可能性。[方法]以小肽含量为指标,对枯草芽孢杆菌、乳酸菌和酵母菌3个菌种的混合发酵工艺条件进行优化,并用该工艺条件生产的发酵饲料来饲养克氏原螯虾。[结果]枯草芽孢杆菌、乳酸菌和酵母菌3个菌种混菌发酵最佳工艺条件为接种量15%、固液比2∶1(g∶mL)、发酵时间96 h、温度32℃,且接种枯草芽孢杆菌、乳酸菌、酵母菌的比例为12∶3∶2;原料经过混合菌发酵后,小肽含量提高了约10倍,粗纤维含量有所降低,粗蛋白、灰分和粗脂肪含量变化不明显。采用发酵饲料喂养的克氏原螯虾,在生长初期增重速率明显高于投喂膨化饲料的,发酵饲料组虾田水体pH和溶氧都略低于膨化饲料组,氨氮对比差异不明显。[结论]发酵饲料更易于克氏原螯虾生长初期消化吸收,可部分代替膨化饲料使用,且对水质影响较小。[Objective]To optimize the production process of plant-derived protein fermented feed and explore the possibility of fermented feed replacing traditional extruded feed for crayfish.[Method]The mixed fermentation conditions of Bacillus subtilis,lactic acid bacteria and yeast were optimized by using small peptide content as indicators.The fermented feed produced by the process conditions was used to raise crayfish.[Result]The optimal fermentation conditions for the mixed fermentation of Bacillus subtilis,lactic acid bacteria and yeast were as follows:inoculum 15%,solid-liquid ratio 2∶1(g∶mL),fermentation time 96 h,temperature 32℃,and that inoculation proportion with Bacillus subtilis,lactic acid bacteria and yeast was 12∶3∶2.After fermentation of the mixed bacteria,the content of small peptides increased about 10 times,slight decreased in the content of crude fiber and no significant change in the contents of crude protein,crude ash and crude fat.The growth rate of crayfish fed with fermented feed was significantly higher than that fed with extruded feed in the early stage of growth.The pH and dissolved oxygen of the shrimp field in the fermented groups were slightly lower than those in the extruded groups.No significant differences were found in ammonia and nitrogen.[Conclusion]Fermented feed is easier to be digested and absorbed in the early growth stage of crayfish,which can partially replace extruded feed,and it has little effect on water quality.

关 键 词：克氏原螯虾 混菌发酵 发酵饲料 水质 

分 类 号：S966.12[农业科学—水产养殖]