芝麻青枯病发生特点及药剂防治技术  

Feature and chemical control of sesame bacterial wilt caused by Ralstonia solanacearum

作　　者：李信申[1] 黄小梅[2] 魏林根[3] 肖运萍[3] 黄瑞荣[1] 华菊玲[1] LI Xin-shen;HUANG Xiao-mei;WEI Lin-gen;XIAO Yun-ping;HUANG Rui-rong;HUA Ju-ling(Plant Protection Institute,Jiangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Nanchang 330200,China;Jiangxi Biological Vocational College,Nanchang 330200,China;Soil and Fertilizer and Resources and Environment Institute,Jiangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Nanchang 330200,China)

机构地区：[1]江西省农业科学院植物保护研究所,江西南昌330200 [2]江西生物科技职业学院,江西南昌330200 [3]江西省农业科学院土壤肥料与资源环境研究所,江西南昌330200

出　　处：《中国油料作物学报》2019年第6期932-937,共6页Chinese Journal of Oil Crop Sciences

基　　金：国家特色油料产业技术体系建设项目(CARS-14);江西省支撑计划项目(20131113010020);江西省农业科学院博士启动基金(20142C13S006)

摘　　要：青枯雷尔氏菌(Ralstonia solanacearum)引起芝麻青枯病,制约我国南方芝麻生产。为制定精准的药剂防治技术,在江西省南昌县连续4年建立病害观察圃,研究病害发生特点,选择芝麻连作田块,研究用药适期和筛选药剂。结果发现,芝麻青枯病多于现蕾期前后开始发病,初花期病情指数增长率均最为急剧;芝麻定苗时进行药剂喷淋护根,初花始期及其后10d左右再各喷施药剂1次为最佳防治适期300 g ai/hm^2的20%噻菌铜对芝麻青枯病的防治效果达71.11%和74.25%,增产率33.95%~36.73%。2017-2018年试验结果显示,20%噻菌铜(300 g ai/hm^2)、20%噻唑锌(300 g ai/hm^2)和3%中生菌素(22.5 g ai/hm^2)对青枯病的防效范围为70.02%~75.23%;芝麻增产范围为32.14%~35.63%,3种药剂的防效和增产幅度差异均不显著。Bacterial wilt, caused by Ralstonia solanacearum, is responsible for great losses to sesame in southern China. To develop a precise chemical approach to control the disease, 5 chemicals were tested at different dates and applications. Results showed that: the disease appeared mostly in bud stage and peaked at initial flowering stage as evidenced by dramatic growth rate of disease index. When seedlings were sprayed with the bactericides at initial flowering and the following 10 days, the control effects were 71.11-74.25% by 20% thiodiazole copper(300 g ai/hm^2) which led to 33.95-36.73% yield increase of sesame. During the tests in 2017-2018, control effects of20% thiodiazole copper(300 g ai/hm^2), 20% Zn thiazole(300 g ai/hm^2) and 3% zhongshengmycin(22.5 g ai/hm^2)were among 70.02% to 75.23%, with sesame yield increase of 32.14-35.63%. Both control effects and yield increase showed no significant difference among the 3 bactericides.

关 键 词：芝麻 青枯病 发生特点 防治适期 药剂 

分 类 号：S432.1[农业科学—植物病理学]