400m障碍一手一脚支撑跳跃矮墙相关肌群sEMG特征研究  

Study on the sEMG Characteristics of Associated Muscle Groups While One-hand and One-foot Support-jumping over Low Wall in 400m Obstacle

作　　者：吴潇男 张旭涛 孙博文 WU Xiaonan;Zhang Xutao;SUN Bowen(Information Communication Institute,National Uiversity of Defense Technology,Xi’an Shaanxi,China 710106)

机构地区：[1]国防科技大学信息通信学院

出　　处：《军事体育学报》2018年第4期78-83,共6页Journal of Military Physical Education and Sports

摘　　要：目的:研究400m障碍一手一脚支撑跳跃矮墙动作主要原动肌群表面肌电(sEMG)的工作特征及其与运动表现之间的关系。方法:本研究采用表面肌电图遥测技术与解剖学动作分析方法,配合sEMG同步采集视频,对某军校7名400m障碍成绩优秀且技术动作规范的男性学员进行原始肌电图、积分肌电值(iEMG)和肌肉做功贡献率(iEMG%)测试与分析。结果:支撑臂一侧上肢和躯干肌群的发力顺序依次为:三角肌、肱二头肌、屈腕肌、伸腕肌、斜方肌率先同步发力,随后肱三头肌、背阔肌、胸大肌依次发力;iEMG与iEMG%顺序从大到小依次为:屈腕肌、肱三头肌、伸腕肌、三角肌、肱二头肌、胸大肌、背阔肌和斜方肌。摆动腿一侧下肢肌群和腹直肌的发力顺序特点为:除臀大肌外,腹直肌、股四头肌、腘绳肌、胫前肌和腓肠肌几乎在第一时间sEMG同步被激活;iEMG与iEMG%顺序从大到小依次为:腓肠肌、股四头肌、腘绳肌、胫前肌、腹直肌和臀大肌。起跳腿一侧下肢肌群和腹直肌的发力顺序特点:所有测试肌肉几乎在第一时间sEMG同步被激活;iEMG与iEMG%顺序从大到小依次为:腓肠肌、股四头肌、胫前肌、腹直肌、臀大肌和腘绳肌。结论:完成高质量蹬伸,要加强臀大肌、股四头肌、腘绳肌以及小腿屈伸肌群的肌肉力量;蹬伸结束后,与摆动腿同时起跳,快速“收腹-屈髋-屈膝-勾脚”是起跳腿顺利通过矮墙的关键技术环节;支撑臂扶墙的核心技术是手指方向朝前,同时要加强上肢肌群和腹直肌的力量训练,以及支撑腿一侧踝关节屈伸肌群的协调稳定能力。为确保下障碍动作流畅,应强化支撑臂和支撑腿的推板技术动作训练,同时着力发展肱三头肌、屈腕肌群、大腿后侧伸髋肌群、小腿后侧屈足肌群的力量水平;加强股四头肌和股三头肌的力量训练以避免肌肉在退让工作中出现运动损伤。Objective:The purpose of this essay is to study the sEMG characteristics of associated muscle groups while one-hand and one-foot support-jumping over low wall in 400m obstacle Methods:This essay tests and analyzes the original electromyography,iEMG and iEMG%in seven male cadets who did quite well in crossing 400m barrier wall by using the analysis method of the surface electromyography chart technique and anatomy combining with sEMG synchronal video collecting data analysis.Results:The order of muscle that function in the upper limb and the trunk from the supporting side is the deltoid,biceps,flexor carpal muscle,extensor muscle,trapezius muscle synchronous force first,followed by triceps brachii,latissimus dorsi,pectoralis.The iEMG and iEMG%order from large to small is:flexor carpal muscle,triceps,extensor muscle,deltoid,biceps,Pectoralis major,latissimus dorsi and trapezius.The generating-force order of the characteristics of swing leg side of the lower limb muscle and rectus abdominis is that rectus abdominis,quadriceps femoris,hamstring,tibialis anterior and gastrocnemius were activated almost simultaneously for the first time in addition to the gluteus maximus.The order of iEMG and iEMG%from large to small is gastrocnemius,cephalic,hamstring,tibialis anterior,rectus abdominis and gluteus maximus.The function characteristics of the lower limb muscles group and rectus abdominis is that the sEMG in all test muscle is almost activated first at the same time;The iEMG and iEMG%order from large to small is:gastrocnemius,quadriceps,tibia anterior muscle,rectus abdominis,gluteus maximus and hamstring.Conclusion:The sustaining force of the extensor wrist muscle ensures the key technical link of the five fingers forward all the time before and after the supporting hand.The triceps and flexor wrist muscles play an important role in the advancement of the push plate.The overall strength level of the upper limb muscles is higher than that of the trunk muscles when generating force.It is important to pay attention to strai

关 键 词：400M障碍 一手一脚支撑跳跃矮墙 表面肌电 原始肌电图 积分肌电值 肌肉做功贡献率 

分 类 号：G804.63[文化科学—运动人体科学]