不同氮源对红花幼苗生长及营养成分影响  

Effect of Different Nitrogen Sources on the Growth and Active Ingredients of Carthamus tinctorius Seedling

作　　者：胡喜巧[1,2] 杨文平 黄玲[1] 梅沛沛[1] 孟丽[1] HU Xiqiao;YANG Wenping;HUANG Ling;MEI Peipei;MENG Li(College of Life Science and Technology Henan Institute of Science and Technology,Xinxiang,Henan 453003,China;Collaborative Innovation Center of Modern Biological Breeding,Xinxiang,Henan 453003,China)

机构地区：[1]河南科技学院生命科技学院,河南新乡453003 [2]现代生物育种河南省协同创新中心,河南新乡453003

出　　处：《西北植物学报》2019年第11期2044-2052,共9页Acta Botanica Boreali-Occidentalia Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(31540040);2017年中医药公共卫生服务补助专项“全国中药资源普查项目”(财社[2017]66号);河南省科技攻关项目(112102310018)

摘　　要：为了提高红花苗菜产量,探讨氮源与红花幼苗生长的关系,该研究以1-3、H-7和3-10红花株系为试验材料,采用盆栽砂培试验,以不施肥为对照,研究铵态氮、硝态氮、生物有机肥、尿素、生物有机肥/铵态氮、生物有机肥/硝态氮、生物有机肥/尿素、铵态氮/硝态氮等9个处理对红花幼苗生物学性状、可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白质、硝酸盐、羟基红花黄色素A、黄酮等的影响。结果显示:(1)与对照相比,所有施氮处理红花幼苗的株高、单株鲜质量、食用部分质量和生物学产量均有提高,其中尿素处理红花幼苗的食用部分质量、单株鲜质量和生物学产量最高,比对照平均增加了34.16%、25.15%和35.63%,产出比均值达81.94,其次为生物有机肥/硝态氮处理,比对照平均增加27.59%、21.78%和29.81%,产出比均值达78.18。(2)与对照相比,铵态氮和硝态氮处理均降低了红花幼苗可溶性糖含量,尿素处理显著增加红花幼苗可溶性蛋白含量,生物有机肥/尿素处理的幼苗可溶性蛋白含量仅低于尿素处理。(3)铵态氮、硝态氮和尿素与生物有机肥配施处理,红花幼苗的硝酸盐含量增加幅度小于铵态氮、硝态氮和尿素单施,表明生物有机肥处理可降低红花幼苗的硝酸盐含量。(4)不同氮源对红花幼苗羟基红花黄色素A没有显著影响;与对照相比,仅生物有机肥/硝态氮处理的红花幼苗中黄酮略有增加,其他处理的黄酮含量均下降。研究表明,氮源为生物有机肥/硝态氮时,红花幼苗生物学产量、可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白和黄酮含量相对较高,而硝酸盐含量相对较低,为红花苗菜生产最佳氮源。The relationship between nitrogen sources and the growth of Carthamus tinctorius seedling was discussed in order to increase production of C.tinctorius sprout,with 1-3,H-7 and 3-10 safflower strains as test materials.Pot sand culture experiment was conducted to study effects of 8 treatments for ammonium nitrogen,nitrate nitrogen,bio-organic fertilizer,urea,bio-organic fertilizer/ammonium nitrogen,bio-organic fertilizer/nitrate nitrogen,bio-organic fertilizer/urea,ammonium nitrogen/nitrate nitrogen on biological characteristics of C.tinctorius seedlings,soluble sugar,soluble protein,nitrate,hydroxyl safflower yellow A(HSYA)and flavonoids,accompanied by the control experiment without fertilizer.The results showed that:(1)the plant height,leaf length,fresh weight per plant,edible parts quality and biological yield of safflower seedlings were all improved by all nitrogen treatments,compared with control experiment.Edible parts quality,fresh weight per plant and biological yield of C.tinctorius seedlings by urea treatment were the best,which increased by 31.46%,25.15%and 35.63%on average in contrast with those of control experiment,the average output ratio was 81.94,then those were followed by bio-organic fertilizer/nitrate nitrogen,which increased by 27.59%,21.78%and 29.81%on average,the average output ratio was 78.18.(2)Soluble sugar content in C.tinctorius seedlings was reduced by ammonium nitrogen and nitrate nitrogen.The content of soluble protein in C.tinctorius seedlings was increased significantly when urea was applied alone,followed by the combination of bio-organic fertilizer and urea.(3)When ammonium nitrogen,nitrate nitrogen and urea were applied with bio-organic fertilizer,the increase in nitrate content in C.tinctorius seedlings was smaller than that of ammonium nitrogen,nitrate nitrogen and urea applied alone.(4)Different nitrogen sources had little effect on the content of HSYA in C.tinctorius seedlings.The content of flavonoids in C.tinctorius seedlings decreased after fertilization,which increased sl

关 键 词：红花 氮源 芽苗菜 可溶性糖 可溶性蛋白 硝酸盐 黄酮 羟基红花黄色素A 

分 类 号：Q945.79[生物学—植物学] S567.2[农业科学—中草药栽培]