水稻氮利用效率评价及其与产量性状的关系  

Evaluation of Nitrogen Utilization Efficiency and Its Relationship with Yield Characters in Rice

作　　者：江琳琳[1] 赵晗舒 杨武 赵明辉[1] 范淑秀 曹英丽[3] 任彬彬 马殿荣[1] JIANG Lin-lin;ZHAO Han-shu;YANG Wu;ZHAO Ming-hui;FAN Shu-xiu;CAO Ying-li;REN Bin-bin;MA Dian-rong(Rice Research Institute/Key Laboratory of Northeast Rice Biology and Breeding,Ministry of Agriculture/Key Laboratory of Northern Japonica,Rice Genetics and Breedings,Ministry of Education,Shenyang Agricultural University,Shenyang 110161,China;College of Agronomy,Shenyang Agricultural University,Shenyang 110161,China;College of Information and Electrical Engineering,Shenyang Agricultural University,Shenyang 110161,China;College of Land and Environment,Shenyang Agricultural University,Shenyang 110161,China)

机构地区：[1]沈阳农业大学水稻研究所/农业部东北水稻生物学与遗传育种重点实验室/北方超级粳稻育种教育部重点实验室,沈阳110161 [2]沈阳农业大学农学院,沈阳110161 [3]沈阳农业大学信息与电气工程学院,沈阳110161 [4]沈阳农业大学土地与环境学院,沈阳110161

出　　处：《沈阳农业大学学报》2019年第6期641-647,共7页Journal of Shenyang Agricultural University

基　　金：国家重点研发计划资助项目(2017YFD0300706-A01);辽宁省“兴辽英才计划”项目(XLYC1808003)

摘　　要：为了筛选水稻氮高效利用品种,明确氮利用效率与产量性状的关系,选取80份水稻品种(系)作为研究材料,于2017年在沈阳农业大学水稻研究所试验基地和辽宁省盐碱地利用研究所试验基地同时进行试验。试验设置3种氮水平(纯氮0,120,180kg·hm-2),通过田间试验比较氮利用效率的品种间差异,分析与物质生产和分配、产量及其构成因素的关系。结果表明:根据3种氮水平下产量的平均值将试材分为氮高效、中间和低效3种类型,3个氮素水平下的穗数、生物产量、经济系数均表现为高效型>中间型>低效型,其中穗数、生物产量的类型间差异达到显著水平;高效型分别比中间型和低效型增产26.25%和29.59%(N0)、14.13%和16.26%(N1)、24.33%和41.97%(N2),高效型在不施氮(N0)和正常氮(N2)条件下优势尤为突出。3个氮素水平穗部、茎鞘、叶部和植株吸氮量均表现为高效型>中间型>低效型,其中穗部和植株吸氮量基本达到显著水平;类型间差异显著的穗数、生物产量和经济产量与不同部位吸氮量均表现为极显著正相关。不同氮水平产量均高于供试品种平均值是评价水稻氮高效的关键指标,在施氮量较低的中低产和较高的超高产条件下,更应注重氮高效品种的培育和应用,推荐氮高效品种沈农9816、辽粳237、铁粳11、盐丰47、沈星1号和盐粳468生产推广或作为种质资源育种应用。Screening of high nitrogen-use efficiency varieties in rice(Oryza sativa L), and studying nitrogen utilization efficiency and yield characters. The experiment was conducted using 80 rice varieties(lines) at test sites of Rice Research Institute of Shenyang Agricultural University and Liaoning Institute of Saline-Alkali Land Utilization simultaneously in 2017. The differences of nitrogen utilization efficiency among varieties was compared by field experiment, analyzing the relationship with material production and distribution, yield and its components under three nitrogen application treatments(0, 120, 180 kg·hm-2). According to the average yield of three nitrogen levels, the test materials were divided into three types: high nitrogen efficiency, intermediate nitrogen efficiency and low nitrogen efficiency. Panicle number, biological yield and economic coefficient of three nitrogen levels were all shown as high nitrogen efficiency type> intermediate nitrogen efficiency type> low nitrogen efficiency type. Among them,the number of panicle and the type of biological yield were significantly different, compared with the intermediate nitrogen efficiency type and the low nitrogen efficiency type, the high efficiency type increased the yield by 26.25% and 29.59%(N0),14.13% and 16.26%(N1), 24.33% and 41.97%(N2), respectively. The high nitrogen efficiency type is particularly advantageous under the condition of no nitrogen application(N0)and normal nitrogen application(N2). The nitrogen uptake of panicle, stem and sheath, leaf and plant at three nitrogen levels all showed high nitrogen efficiency type> intermediate nitrogen efficiency type>low nitrogen efficiency type, the nitrogen uptake of panicle and plant reached a significant level. The number of panicle,biological yield and economic yield with significant difference among types were positively correlated with nitrogen uptake in different parts. The key index to evaluate the nitrogen efficiency of rice is that the yield at different nitrogen levels is higher than th

关 键 词：水稻 品种 氮效率 分类 

分 类 号：S311[农业科学—作物栽培与耕作技术]