长江大桥基础的应用与发展  

Application and Development of Foundations of Changjiang River Bridges

作　　者：龚维明[1,2] 王正振 戴国亮[1,2] 刘晓光[3] 郭辉 GONG Wei-ming;WANG Zheng-zhen;DAI Guo-liang;LIU Xiao-guang;GUO Hui(Key Laboratory of Concrete and Prestressed Concrete Structure of Ministry of Education,Southeast University,Nanjing 211189,China;Department of Civil Engineering,Southeast University,Nanjing 211189,China;Railway Engineering Research Institute,China Academy of Railway Sciences,Beijing 100081,China)

机构地区：[1]东南大学混凝土及预应力混凝土结构教育部重点实验室,江苏南京211189 [2]东南大学土木工程学院,江苏南京211189 [3]中国铁道科学研究院集团有限公司铁道建筑研究所,北京100081

出　　处：《桥梁建设》2019年第6期13-23,共11页Bridge Construction

基　　金：中国铁路总公司科技研究开发计划课题(2017G006-A)~~

摘　　要：针对现有的132座长江干流大桥从桥型、跨度及基础形式进行统计分析,对每种基础形式选取代表工程进行说明,并预测了长江大桥的未来发展趋势。统计分析结果表明:斜拉桥及悬索桥是长江大桥的主要桥型;长江大桥跨度多集中在400~600 m;长江大桥主墩基础目前有6种形式:桩基础、沉井基础、管柱基础、沉井+管柱复合基础、沉井+桩复合基础及扩大基础,其中桩基础为最常用的基础形式;悬索桥锚碇基础目前有3种形式:隧道锚碇、开挖重力锚碇及沉井重力锚碇,其中开挖重力锚运用最多。随着桥梁荷载的持续加大,单纯依靠增大基础不经济,可采用后压浆技术提高土体性质,进而提高基础承载力;由于深水基础恶劣的服役环境,耐久性更好的新型材料是未来的发展趋势。A number of 132 existing bridges over the trunk tributary of Changjiang River has been surveyed and statistically analyzed in terms of bridge types,span lengths and forms of foundation,each form of foundation is illustrated by a representative bridge and the future development trend of the bridges over Changjiang River is envisaged.The results of the statistical analysis demonstrate that the cable-stayed bridge and suspension bridge are the main-stream bridges over the Changjiang River and the span lengths are mostly set within the range of 400 to 600 m.At present,there are six forms of foundation for main piers,including the pile foundation,caisson foundation,tubular column foundation,composite foundation formed of caisson and tubular columns,composite foundation formed of caisson and piles and spread foundation,among which the pile foundation is the most commonly used foundation.For the suspension bridge,there are three forms of foundation for anchor blocks,such as the tunnel anchor block,gravity anchor block with excavated foundation and gravity anchor block with caisson foundation,and the gravity anchor block with excavated foundation is the mostly adopted form.To accommodate the constantly increasing loads on bridge,the mere enlargement of foundation is not economical.The post grouting technique can be used to improve the mechanical property of the soil,thereby enhancing the bearing capacity of the foundation.Due to that the deep-water foundation is always located in the harsh environment,the new materials with better durability is a future trend.

关 键 词：长江大桥 桥型 跨度 基础形式 统计分析 典型实例 发展趋势 

分 类 号：U448.1[建筑科学—桥梁与隧道工程] U443.1[交通运输工程—道路与铁道工程]