高熵合金抗氧化性能研究现状及展望  

Review and Perspective on Oxidation Resistance of High-Entropy Alloys

作　　者：杨晓萌 安子冰 陈艳辉[1] YANG Xiaomeng;AN Zibing;CHEN Yanhui(Institute of Microstructure and Property of Advanced Materials,Beijing University of Technology,Beijing 100124)

机构地区：[1]北京工业大学固体微结构与性能研究所

出　　处：《材料导报》2019年第S02期348-355,共8页Materials Reports

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(91860202)~~

摘　　要：高熵合金作为一种新型的合金体系表现出良好的力学性能及其他功能特性,在近十几年的发展中出现了一系列力学性能优异的合金体系。3d过渡元素高熵合金即使在低温(77 K)下也具有良好的断裂韧性,难熔高熵合金在高温下具有远高于高温合金的强度,轻质高熵合金具有极高的比强度。另外,相比于传统合金,高熵合金还具有更多的成分、结构设计空间。而在实际的工业应用中,不仅需要讨论材料的力学性能,也需要注意材料的耐环境性能,尤其是抗氧化性。近年来,研究者们也意识到高温条件下快速氧化限制了高熵合金的高温应用性。合金元素的添加及其含量是影响高熵合金抗氧化性及应用的关键因素。通过添加适量的抗氧化组元来提高传统合金及高熵合金的抗氧化性是目前研究的主要方法。目前已经出现了一些兼具优良高温力学性能和抗氧化性的合金体系,如AlCrMoTi-M体系,其中AlCrMoNbTi在1000℃时不仅具备良好的力学性能,还具有优异的抗氧化性能。研究证实在合金中添加Al和Cr元素能够有效地提升高熵合金的抗氧化性能,另外通过形成一些复合氧化物也能为合金提供较好的保护。然而,研究者也发现一些元素的组合将会降低材料抗氧化性能,如含Al合金中添加Ti,含Cr合金中添加Nb都会使本应形成的保护膜失效。本文介绍了高熵合金基本的氧化行为,总结了目前相关报道的高熵合金中Al、Cr、Si等关键合金元素和其他常用元素对高熵合金抗氧化性能的影响。通过对目前的数据分析,为平衡高熵合金力学性能与抗氧化性能、腐蚀性能等综合性能的设计提供参考,为高熵合金的工业应用提供思路。High-entropy alloys(HEAs)are newly developed alloys which exhibit better mechanical properties than conventional alloys.After 15 years of development,a series of excellent alloy systems have been developed.3d transition HEAs have good mechanical properties and fracture toughness under low temperature.Refractory HEAs have a special high temperature strength.Lightweight HEAs have extremely high specific strength compared with conventional light alloys.Compared with traditional alloys,there is a wider space for HEAs design on composition and structure.It is necessary to pay attention to both the mechanical properties and environmental resistance of the materials,especially the oxidation resis-tance,for practical industrial applications.In recent years,researchers have realized that rapid oxidation under high-temperature conditions limits the application under high temperature of HEAs.The addition of alloying elements and their content are the key factors affecting the corrosion resistance and application of traditional alloys and HEAs.The main method of improving the oxidation resistance of HEAs is by adding an approp-riate amount of antioxidant components,and research is being conducted to improve the oxidation resistance without reducing their mechanical properties too much.At present,some alloy systems with both high-temperature mechanical properties and oxidation resistance have been developed,such as AlCrMoNbTi,which have good mechanical properties and retain good antioxidation resistance at the same time.It has been confirmed in various HEAs systems that the addition of Al and Cr,which are used as conventional antioxidation elements in various alloys,effectively improve the oxidation resistance.In addition,some composite oxide coatings also exhibit a good protective effect,such as CrTaO 4.However,it has also been found that the combination of some elements,such as the addition of Ti in the Al-containing alloy and the addition of Nb in the Cr-containing alloy,will reduce the oxidation performance and invalidate

关 键 词：高熵合金 抗氧化性 关键合金元素 

分 类 号：TG146.[一般工业技术—材料科学与工程]