氮素形态对茶树叶片品质及其氮代谢相关基因的影响  

Effects of nitrogen forms on tea quality and nitrogen metabolism related genes in tea leaves

作　　者：方翔 胡国策 孙琪璐 江昌俊[1] 李叶云[1] 蒋家月[1] FANG Xiang;HU Guoce;SUN Qilu;JIANG Changjun;LI Yeyun;JIANG Jiayue(State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization,Anhui Agricultural University,Hefei,Anhui 230036,China)

机构地区：[1]安徽农业大学茶树生物学与资源利用国家重点实验室

出　　处：《西北农林科技大学学报（自然科学版）》2020年第2期52-59,共8页Journal of Northwest A&F University(Natural Science Edition)

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2016YFD0200902);安徽省高校自然科学研究项目(KJ2018A0133)

摘　　要：【目的】探究不同氮素形态对茶树叶片品质及其氮代谢相关基因的影响,为茶树合理施肥提供依据。【方法】以一年生舒茶早(Camellia sinensis cv.Shuchazao)扦插苗为材料,采用水培法,对不同铵硝比(4∶0,3∶1,2∶2,1∶3和0∶4)处理条件下,茶树叶片水浸出物、游离氨基酸、茶多酚、咖啡碱、酚氨比,以及茶树叶片氮代谢相关基因进行分析,探讨不同氮素形态对茶树叶片品质及其氮代谢相关基因表达的影响。【结果】铵硝比4∶0、3∶1和2∶2处理下茶树叶片游离氨基酸含量显著高于铵硝比0∶4和1∶3处理;茶多酚含量4∶0和3∶1处理较高,显著高于其他处理组;各处理组水浸出物和咖啡碱含量无显著差异。与铵硝比4∶0、0∶4和1∶3处理相比,铵硝比3∶1和2∶2处理使GS1;1、GS1;3、GOGAT、AMT3;1和GDH基因的表达量升高;NRT1;2和NR基因表达量随着硝态氮比例的增加呈现上调趋势。【结论】铵硝配比施肥能增加茶树叶片中游离氨基酸和咖啡碱含量,提高茶树氮代谢相关基因的表达,其中铵硝比3∶1处理的效果较优。【Objective】This study investigated the influences of different nitrogen forms on tea quality and genes related to nitrogen metabolism in tea leaves to provide basis for rational fertilization of tea trees.【Method】This research used cutting seedlings from annual Camellia sinensis cv.Shuchazao for 5 treatments with NH4^+/NO3^- ratios of 4∶0(only ammonium),3∶1,2∶2,1∶3 and 0∶4(only nitrite).The water extract,free amino acids,tea polyphenols,caffeine,phenol-ammonia ratio and nitrogen utilization genes in tea leaves were measured to analyze the effects of different nitrogen forms on tea quality and expression of nitrogen metabolism related genes in tea leaves.【Result】The contents of free amino acids with ammonium nitrate ratios of 4∶0,3∶1 and 2∶2 were significantly higher than that in ratios of 0∶4 and 1∶3.Tea polyphenol contents were significantly higher in treatments of 4∶0 and 3∶1 than other treatments.The contents of water extract and caffeine had no differences among treatments.The treatments with NH4^+/NO3^- ratios of 3∶1 and 2∶2 increased expressions of GS1;1,GS1;3,GOGAT,AMT3;1 and GDH compared to ratios of 4∶0,0∶4 and 1∶3.The expression of NRT1;2 and NR increased with the increase of ammonium nitrite ratio.【Conclusion】Mixed nitrogen treatments with nitrate and ammonium increased contents of free amino acids and caffeine and expression of nitrogen metabolism related genes in tea plants.The treatment with NH4^+/NO3^- ratio of 3∶1 was recommended.

关 键 词：茶树 氮素形态 茶叶品质 氮代谢 

分 类 号：S571.1[农业科学—茶叶生产加工] S143.1[农业科学—作物学]