厦门市生态系统供水服务量化与价值评估  

Quantification and Valuation of Water Supply Ecosystem Service in Xiamen City, China

作　　者：刘尹 李春明[2] 孙倩莹 张林波[3,4] 高艳妮[3,4] 谢文玲 LIU Yin;LI Chunming;SUN Qianying;ZHANG Linbo;GAO Yanni;XIE Wenling(Xiamen Research Academy of Environmental Sciences,Xiamen 361021,China;Key Lab of Urban Environment and Health,Institute of Urban Environment,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Xiamen 361021,China;State Environment Protection Key Laboratory of Regional Eco-Process and Function Assessment,Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences,Beijing 100012,China;State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment,Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences,Beijing 100012,China)

机构地区：[1]厦门市环境科学研究院,福建厦门361021 [2]中国科学院城市环境研究所,城市环境与健康重点实验室,福建厦门361021 [3]中国环境科学研究院,国家环境保护区域生态过程与功能评估重点实验室,北京100012 [4]中国环境科学研究院,环境基准与风险评估国家重点实验室,北京100012

出　　处：《环境科学研究》2019年第12期2008-2014,共7页Research of Environmental Sciences

基　　金：国家生态文明试验区(福建)项目;福建省科技计划项目(No.2016Y0081)~~

摘　　要：突出的水污染问题严重影响生态系统供水服务,针对现有研究对水质影响和供水价值的评估考虑不足,尚无法将水质、供水服务及其价值与管理措施相联系,难以满足水资源和水环境管理的决策需求等问题,综合考虑水资源和水环境,建立了水质水量-供水服务-供水价值的联系,应用于厦门市生态系统供水服务评估并提出管理建议.采用SWAT(Soil and Water Assessment Tool)模型模拟水量,引入主要污染物超标当量和水质当量的概念评估水质,采用市场价值法和环境恢复成本法评估其价值.结果表明:2015年厦门市生态系统供水量为9.26×10^8 m^3,供水价值量为14.82×10^8元,比2010年分别增加了1.77×108 m^3和2.60×10^8元.2015年和2010年厦门市水质恶化导致供水价值量分别损失0.31×10^8和0.27×10^8元.厦门市供水服务具有较强的时空异质性和水体差异性,发掘潜力较大,受到总体下降的水质影响,建议从提升水源涵养能力和改善水质这两方面入手开展研究,以提升供水服务.该研究方法操作简单,评估结果易于比较和被决策者理解,但对经济发展程度的影响和水质定价考虑不足,在今后研究中应将地方经济发展程度纳入评估体系,并修正水污染处理成本.The water pollution problem has become increasingly prominent,which becomes a major factor restraining ecosystem water supply services.However,the impact of water quality and the valuation of water supply service are often neglected in current research.It is still difficult to link management practices to water quality,water supply service and its value,which limits its application in the decision-making of water resources and water environment management.Therefore,a link was established between water quality and quantity,water supply services,and water supply value based on the water resources and water quality.The quantification and valuation of water supply service,and proposed management suggestions for Xiamen City were conducted accordingly.In this study,the SWAT(Soil and Water Assessment Tool)model was employed to simulate water quantity.The market value method and the environmental restoration cost method were employed to evaluate the value of water supply service.The concepts of major excessive pollutant equivalent and water quality equivalent were proposed to estimate the water quality.The results showed that the water supply quantity of the ecosystem in 2015 was 9.26×10^8 m^3,with a value of 14.82×10^8 RMB in Xiamen.Compared with 2010,the water supply quantity increased by 1.77×10^8 m^3 and its value increased by 2.60×10^8 RMB.Deterioration of water quality decreased the value of water supply service by 0.31×10^8 RMB in 2015 and 0.27×10^8 RMB in 2010,respectively.The water supply service potential in Xiamen City was large with obvious spatiotemporal variations among different water bodies,and it was affected by overall declining water quality.Further research on the improvement of water conservation capacity and water quality should be conducted to enhance the water supply service.The method and results are understandable for non-technical decision makers and allow easy operation and comparison.While the impact of economic development and the pricing strategy of water quality are not fully conside

关 键 词：供水服务 生态系统服务 价值评估 水资源 水质 

分 类 号：X196[环境科学与工程—环境科学]