眼光遗传学研究进展  

Research progress on ophthalmologic optogenetics

作　　者：盛旺(综述) 陈建苏 唐仕波(审校) Sheng Wang;Chen Jiansu;Tang Shibo(Aier School of Ophthalmology,Central South University,Aier Eye Institute,Changsha 410015,China)

机构地区：[1]中南大学爱尔眼科学院,爱尔眼科研究所,长沙410015

出　　处：《中华实验眼科杂志》2019年第11期932-936,共5页Chinese Journal Of Experimental Ophthalmology

摘　　要：光遗传学是一项应用一定波长的光照来精确调控特定细胞或亚结构生物活动的遗传学技术。眼球透明、位置表浅及相对独立等特点增加了光遗传学在眼局部应用的可操作性。将光遗传学应用于眼神经细胞,如视网膜神经节细胞(RGCs),甚至扩展到血管内皮细胞、免疫细胞及其他眼细胞及细胞亚结构,能加深对眼生理的认识,实现对神经退化性疾病、血管异常性疾病、炎症及其他眼相关疾病的治疗。为了使光遗传学在眼科的应用得到扩展,使其功能更趋向于眼自然生理状态,有必要对其有效性、安全性及舒适性进行不断改善。本文根据眼相关研究应用的现状,光敏感度、空间分辨率和时间分辨率等成像问题,局部和全身安全性、特异性和持久性等表达问题,光控化学和新评价途径的技术补充等方面对眼光遗传学技术最新进展进行综述。Optogenetics is a genetic technique that applies illumination with certain wavelength to modulate the biological activity of cells or subcellular components accurately.This technique is friendly to researchers of ophthalmology due to characteristics of the eyes including transparency,accessibility and comparative independence.Optogenetics can be used in retinal neurons,such as retinal ganglion cells(RGCs),even extended to vascular endothelial cells,immune cells and other ocular cells or cell substructures,which can further our understanding of ocular physiology and provide potential,therapeutic approaches for neurodegenerative diseases,vascular diseases,inflammation and other eye-related diseases.Improvement in effectiveness,safety and comfort is pivotal for this technique to expand application in ophthalmology and for its function to reach the physiology state of nomal eyes.In this review,a comprehensive analysis of optogenetics progress in ophthalmology was performed.Challenges in imaging including light sensitivity,spatial resolution and temporal resolution,and problems in expression involving local and systemic safety,specificity and persistence were reviewed.

关 键 词：眼科 光遗传学 神经退化性疾病 

分 类 号：R73[医药卫生—肿瘤]