高铁开通是否加速了技术创新外溢？—来自中国230个地级市的证据  

Does the Opening of High-Speed Rail Accelerate the Spillover of Technological Innovation? Evidence from 230 Prefecture-level Cities in China

作　　者：余泳泽[1,2] 庄海涛 刘大勇 伏雨[1] Yu Yongze;Zhuang Haitao;Liu Dayong;Fu Yu(Industrial Development Institute,Nanjing University of Finance and Economics,Nanjing 210046,China;School of International Economics and Trade,Nanjing University of Finance and Economics,Nanjing 210046,China;Department of Mangement and Economics,Tianjin University,Tianjin 300072,China)

机构地区：[1]南京财经大学产业发展研究院,江苏南京210046 [2]南京财经大学国际经贸学院,江苏南京210046 [3]天津大学管理与经济学部,天津300072

出　　处：《财经研究》2019年第11期20-31,111,共13页Journal of Finance and Economics

基　　金：国家自然科学基金面上项目(71973060);国家社会科学基金青年项目(15CJY009);江苏省社会科学基金项目(17DDB017)~~

摘　　要：高铁的出现压缩了区域之间的"时空"距离,极大地促进了区域间要素的流动。文章重点关注了高铁开通是否加速了技术创新的外溢这一主题,并采用2008-2013年中国230个地级市的面板数据,通过双重差分法(DID)及倾向得分匹配-倍差法(PSM-DID)分析了高铁开通对区域技术创新外溢的影响。研究发现:(1)高铁开通提升了人均专利引用量,同时加速了专利的折旧速度。高铁通过促进经济集聚、区域间合作与贸易以及企业间学习等方式增强了技术创新的外溢效应,且高铁开通对技术创新外溢的影响时滞大约为2-3年。(2)高铁开通对技术创新外溢的影响具有一定的区域异质性。由于东部地区经济发展程度较高,加之高铁网络下的资源聚集作用,因此高铁开通对技术创新外溢的影响在东部地区更加显著。因此对于政府来说,各城市需要继续完善关键性的基础设施,为高铁建设提供各项技术与物质的支撑;对于企业来说,企业应充分利用高铁开通所带来的"时空压缩"效应,加大与跨城企业的合作与贸易,提高自身的创新水平并积极学习其他企业的技术。The appearance of high-speed rail has compressed the"space and time"distance between regions and promoted people’s life and economic activities,which is known as one of the"four new great inventions"of China.Since the opening of the first high-speed rail"Beijing-Tianjin"in 2008,China has entered the era of building"high-speed rail network".At present,most literature has studied it from the aspects of comprehensive regional economic growth,regional economic integration,industrial structure adjustment,regional income differences and residents’travel mode.However,there is a lack of relevant research on the impact of high-speed rail on the spillover of regional technological innovation in the literature.China’s regional development is extremely unbalanced.The economic foundation and infrastructure construction of the backward inland areas lag far behind the eastern coastal areas.Innovation spillover can make backward areas and low-income people catch up with the"free ride"and improve the pace of catching up with the developed areas.Therefore,innovation spillover plays a vital role in China’s economic growth.Based on the panel data of 230 prefecture-level cities from 2008 to 2013,this paper analyzes the impact of high-speed rail on the spillover of regional technological innovation through DID and PSM-DID.The study finds that,first of all,the opening of high-speed rail raises the patent quotation rate and accelerates the depreciation rate of patents.High-speed rail enhances the spillover effect of technological innovation by promoting agglomeration economy,face-to-face exchange,flow of talents and capital,and regional cooperation and trade.The time lag of the impact of high-speed rail on technological innovation spillover is about 2-3 years.Secondly,the impact of high-speed rail on technological innovation spillover has certain regional heterogeneity.Due to the high level of economic development in the eastern region,coupled with the brain drain from the high-speed rail network,the impact of the opening of hig

关 键 词：高铁开通 专利引用 失效专利 创新外溢 

分 类 号：F275[经济管理—企业管理]