探秘生命的第三种形式——我国古菌研究之回顾与展望  

Unraveling the secrets of the third form of life——A review and future perspective on archaeal research in China

作　　者：东秀珠[1,2] 李猛 向华 徐俊[4] 王风平 申玉龙[5] 张臻峰[1] 韩静[1] 李洁[1] 李明[1] 黄力[1,2] DONG XiuZhu;LI Meng;XIANG Hua;XU Jun;WANG FengPing;SHEN YuLong;ZHANG ZhenFeng;HAN Jing;LI Jie;LI Ming;HUANG Li(State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources,Institute of Microbiology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100101,China;College of Life Sciences,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 101408,China;Institute for Advanced Study,Shenzhen University,Shenzhen 518060,China;State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism,School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology,Shanghai Jiao Tong University,Shanghai 200240,China;State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology,Microbial Technology Institute,Shandong University,Qingdao 266237,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院微生物研究所,微生物资源前期开发国家重点实验室,北京100101 [2]中国科学院大学生命科学学院,北京101408 [3]深圳大学高等研究院,深圳518060 [4]上海交通大学生命科学与技术学院,微生物代谢国家重点实验室,上海200240 [5]山东大学生命科学与技术学院,微生物技术国家重点实验室,青岛266237

出　　处：《中国科学：生命科学》2019年第11期1520-1542,共23页Scientia Sinica(Vitae)

摘　　要：古菌是生命的第三种形式,蕴含着生命演化早期的信息.古菌广泛分布于地球上的各种环境(包括极端自然环境),遗传与代谢多样性极为丰富,是元素生物地球化学循环的重要驱动者.同时,古菌及其代谢产物也展现出了独特的生物技术开发潜能.20世纪70年代,我国科学家即开始研究古菌.世纪之交以来,我国古菌研究队伍迅速壮大,如今已经成为国际古菌领域的一支主要研究力量.他们在古菌系统发育与进化、生物地球化学作用、基本生物学过程、病毒与宿主免疫、开发利用等方面开展了系统的工作,取得了一系列具有国际水平的研究成果,为提升对古菌的认知做出了重要贡献.本综述简要介绍了我国科学家在古菌研究中取得的主要研究成果,并对学科的未来发展方向进行展望.Archaea,which represent the third form of life,harbor clues to life during early evolution.These organisms thrive in a variety of habitats,including extreme environments,exhibiting tremendous diversity in genetics and metabolism and driving cycling of elements on Earth.Archaea and their products hold unique potential for biotechnological exploitation.Chinese scientists began to work on archaea during the 1970s,and the archaeal community in the country has been expanding considerably since the turn of the 21st century.China has now become a major force in international archaeal research.Chinese scientists have conducted systematic studies on the phylogeny and evolution,biogeological functions,fundamental biological processes,viruses and host immunity,and biotechnological applications of archaea.They have made a number of important discoveries,contributing significantly to the expansion of the knowledge of Archaea.This review will outline major achievements of the Chinese scientists in archaeal research and provide a future perspective on the further development in this exciting field.

关 键 词：古菌 系统发育学与进化 生物地球化学作用 基本生物学过程 病毒与宿主免疫 生物技术应用 

分 类 号：G63[文化科学—教育学]