20世纪50年代上海城市人口安置策略研究  

Study on Urban Population Resettlement Strategy of Shanghai in the 1950s

作　　者：阮清华[1] RUAN Qing-hua

机构地区：[1]华东师范大学历史系

出　　处：《史林》2019年第6期24-34,216,共12页Historical Review

基　　金：上海市哲学社会科学规划一般课题《新中国初期党的城市人口管理政策与实践研究(1949—1966)》(批准号:2016BDS001)阶段性成果;上海市浦江人才计划(18PJC030)资助

摘　　要：中华人民共和国成立之初,为将"消费的城市"变成"生产的城市",党和政府开始将大城市"非生产性"人口分成不同类别,以各种名义加以疏散。20世纪50年代初,上海市军管会和市政府计划疏散近200万人口离开上海。在整个国家经济建设处于起步阶段,生产力发展程度仍较低的情况下,政府安置疏散人口的途径有限。由于大部分需要被疏散的人口来自农村,在城市面临困难的时候,只能把他们疏散回乡从事农业生产。这一安置策略将城乡之间的矛盾转化成了农村内部的矛盾,最终通过农业合作化等政治运动,将城市疏散人口在农村安置下来,从而实现减少城市人口、清理城市基层社会的目标,并为把城市建设成工业"生产基地"创造条件。At the beginning of the founding of the PRC,the CPC and the People’s Government divided the"non-productive"population of large cities into different categories and evacuated them by various ways.Shanghai Military Control Commission and Shanghai Municipal Government planned to evacuate nearly 2 million people to countryside in the early 1950 s.This resettlement strategy transformed the contradiction between urban and rural areas into a contradiction within the countryside.Finally,through the political movements such as agricultural cooperation,the urban evacuation population was resettled in the countryside,thereby achieving the goal of reducing urban population,cleaning up the urban grassroots society,and creating conditions for building the city into an industrial"production base".

关 键 词：城市人口 人口安置 社会改造 回乡生产 

分 类 号：K295.1[历史地理—历史学] K271[历史地理—中国史]