女娲信仰与中国行业神崇拜  

The Belief of Nvwa and Worship of the Gods of Chinese Professions

作　　者：李祥林[1] Li Xianglin(Institute for Non-Orthodox Chinese Culture,Sichuan University,Chendu,Sichuan,610064)

机构地区：[1]四川大学中国俗文化研究所

出　　处：《民族艺术研究》2019年第6期126-134,共9页Ethnic Art Studies

基　　金：教育部人文社科重点研究基地重大项目“中国古代民间神灵信仰研究”(项目编号:11JJG750010)的阶段性成果

摘　　要：行业神崇拜是源远流长的中华民俗之一。从性别研究看,造人补天化万物的女娲是神力赫赫的创造大神,女娲神话及信仰从古到今也适应着民间工艺行业的多样化诉求,形成种种含义别致的民俗事象,并且关联着传统文化及民间心理的诸多方面。从面花到泥塑及其他诸行手艺人对女娲的顶礼膜拜中,不难看到超时空的女娲神话在中华文化史上能量巨大的原型穿透力。"炼、补"神话意象发挥着古为今用的作用,过去的神话符号与现代的市场社会携手,为今天生活装点出别有意味的景观。立足当下,回望过去,在"神话复活"和"符号经济"盛行的当代社会,梳理女娲神话及信仰与中国行业神崇拜的关联,思考古老遗产作为文化资源的创造性运用,也有某种现实意义。Worship of the gods of Chinese professions is one of the Chinese customs with a long history over thousands of years.According to gender study,Nvwa is the god of creation,who creates human beings and all things on earth,mends the sky.The myths and beliefs of Nvwa,from ancient time to present,adapt to the diversified demand of folk craft professions,which forms a variety of unique meanings of folk customs,and which is related to traditional culture and many aspects of folk psychology.From dough figurines to clay figurines and other artisans’worship of Nvwa,it can be seen that Nvwa myths in different times and space have super powerful prototype penetration in Chinese cultural history.The mythical image of"refining and repairing"plays an important role in today’s life.The myth symbols of the past and modern market cooperate to decorate today’s life with different meanings.Standing at the present and looking back,it is meaningful to comb the relationship between Nvwa myths and belief and worship of gods of Chinese professions,and to think about the creative use of ancient heritage as cultural resources under contemporary society that is popular with"mythical revival"and"symbol economy".

关 键 词：女娲神话 行业神崇拜 中国文化 民间信仰 

分 类 号：J193[艺术—艺术理论]