学前儿童词语命名能力的发展及错误类型分析  

The Expressive Vocabulary Development and Errors of Typically Developing Preschoolers

作　　者：刘巧云 陈珊珊 武慧多 张艳丽 黄昭鸣 Liu Qiaoyun;Chen Shanshan;Wu Huiduo;Zhang Yanli;Huang Zhaoming(Department of Education and Rehabilitation Sciences,East China Normal University,Shanghai,200062,China)

机构地区：[1]华东师范大学教育学部教育康复学系,上海200062 [2]宁波市特殊教育中心学校

出　　处：《听力学及言语疾病杂志》2019年第6期595-599,共5页Journal of Audiology and Speech Pathology

基　　金：国家社科基金项目（13AYY004）;国家语委研究项目（YB135-81）

摘　　要：目的分析学前儿童的词语命名能力及发展特征,为正常发展儿童语言教学和特殊儿童的语言康复治疗提供依据。方法采用自编儿童词语命名能力评估表,对206例3~5岁正常发展儿童词语命名能力进行评估,分为3岁^(36例)、3岁6个月^(32例)、4岁^(32例)、4岁6个月^(38例)、5岁^(36例)、5岁6个月~5岁11个月29天(32例)6个组,记录各组儿童词语命名得分,比较不同年龄、性别儿童在不同词类命名时的错误类型。结果①学前阶段儿童词语命名能力随年龄的增长不断发展,6个年龄组间差异有极显著统计学意义(F=46.260,P<0.001)。②学前正常发展儿童词语命名能力总体上性别差异无统计学意义(P=0.103>0.05),但在3岁6个月~组,女生的词语命名能力显著优于男生(P=0.006<0.01)。③儿童各类实词命名存在不均衡发展,形容词命名正确率最低,为53.22%。④各类词的错误类型不同,相关描述出现率最高,整体出现率为33.42%。结论3~5岁学前正常发展儿童词语命名能力每半岁即有显著进步;仅在个别年龄组存在性别差异;在名词、动词及形容词中,形容词的命名最为困难;命名的错误类型以相关描述为主;学前儿童的语言教学和特殊儿童的语言康复训练应结合儿童的词语命名能力发展特征及错误类型进行。Objective To assess the naming ability of 206 children aged 3~5 years,analyze the developmental characteristics of children's naming ability in this group,in order to provide the evidence for the language teaching of typically developing children and the language rehabilitation of children with language impairment.Methods The children's word naming ability evaluation scale was used to evaluate the naming ability of 2063~5 years old typical development children.They were divided into 6 groups,including 3 years old^(36 cases),3 years old 6 months^(32 cases),4 years old^(32 cases),4 years and 6 months^(38 cases),5 years old^(36 cases)and 5 years 6 months^5 years 11 months 29 days(32 cases),and the children's word naming scores were recorded to Compare the types of errors in children of different ages and genders.Results The word naming ability of typical developing children aged 3~5 years as a whole developed continuously every half year,there was a very significant difference between the six groups(F=46.260,P<0.001).There was no significant gender difference in the typical preschool children's naming ability(P=0.103>0.05),however,in the group of 3 years old 6 months~,girls were better than boys(P=0.006<0.01).There is an unbalanced development of various words,and it is most difficult to name adjectives,and the mean score was 53.22%.The types of errors in various words are mainly related to descriptions,and the occurrence rate is 33.42%.Conclusion The 3~5 years preschool typically developing children's word naming ability improve quickly.There is no generally gender difference,but there is difference in one group.Children often name the target words in the form of related description,and adjectives are most difficult to name in various words.Therefore,preschoolers’language teaching and speech language treatment should consider the types of errors.

关 键 词：学前儿童 词语命名 语言障碍儿童 语言干预 

分 类 号：H018.4[语言文字—语言学]