我国幼儿体育生态系统构建下的美国经验与借鉴  

American Experience and Reference under the Construction of Preschool Sports Ecosystem in China

作　　者：贺艳杰 胡凯[1] 陈俐月 HE Yan-jie;HU Kai;CHEN Li-yue(School of physical Education,Central China normal University,Wuhan 430079,China)

机构地区：[1]华中师范大学体育学院

出　　处：《福建体育科技》2019年第6期4-8,共5页Fujian Sports Science and Technology

摘　　要：研究目的:以布朗芬布伦纳的人类发展生态系统理论为依据,剖析美国在构建幼儿体育生态系统中的成功经验,在分析、借鉴、归纳的基础上,对我国幼儿体育生态系统现实状况进行系统分析和重塑。研究方法:采用文献资料法、逻辑分析法和访谈法。研究结果:1)美国幼儿体育积极社会生态系统建立在完备的幼儿体育政策体系之上,其核心关键是确立幼儿体育的重要地位,并强调塑造积极活跃的体育生态环境,以及注重多领域、多部门间的协作,从而形成了一种积极幼儿体育社会生态系统的范式,值得我们学习和借鉴。2)当前我国幼儿体育发展面临诸多问题,缺乏专门针对幼儿体育的政策法规、部门单位以及幼儿体育课程标准或课程体系,当前家庭和学校的“重智轻体”的观念还较为严重,另外我国幼儿体育活动空间小,体育器材的数量和种类少,且配置不合理。3)针对我国幼儿体育的现实境遇,提出了我国的幼儿体育生态系统的理想模型,即“两位一体”式的微系统、“三维空间”式的中系统、“四体协作”式的外系统以及政策助推式的宏系统,以期给我国幼儿体育理论与实践的发展以启示,为走出幼儿体育现存困境贡献力量。The purpose of this study is to analyze the successful experience of the United States in the construction of infant sports ecosystem on the basis of Brown Finn Brenner's theory of human development ecosystem, and to systematically analyze and reshape the realistic situation of infant sports ecosystem in China on the basis of analysis, reference and induction. Research methods: literature method, logical analysis method and interview method were used. The results are as follows: 1) the active social ecosystem of early childhood sports in the United States is based on the complete policy system of early childhood sports, the core of which is to establish the important position of infant sports, and emphasize the shaping of active sports ecological environment, as well as pay attention to multi-field, multi-department cooperation. Thus, a paradigm of active infant sports social ecosystem is formed, which is worthy of our study and reference. 2) at present, the development of infant sports in our country is facing many problems, lack of policies and regulations specifically for children's physical education, departmental units and curriculum standards or curriculum system for young children's physical education, the current concept of "emphasizing intelligence and neglecting body" in families and schools is still more serious, in addition, the space for children's sports activities in our country is small. The quantity and type of sports equipment are small, and the configuration is unreasonable. 3) in view of the realistic situation of children's sports in our country, this paper puts forward the ideal model of children's sports ecosystem in our country, that is, the "two in one" microsystem, "three-dimensional space".

关 键 词：幼儿体育 生态系统 模型构建 体育生态环境 人类发展生态学理论 

分 类 号：G80-05[文化科学—运动人体科学]