大叙事和他者(图像)的构建:第三帝国的反犹太人形象  

Master Narratives and the(Pictorial) Construction of Otherness:Anti-Semitic Images in the Third Reich

作　　者：米迦勒·兰塔 彭欣(译)[2] 胡媛(译)[3] Michael Ranta;Peng Xin;Hu Yuan

机构地区：[1]四川大学(文学与新闻学院)和瑞典德隆大学(认知符号学系) [2]南昌大学艺术与设计学院 [3]江西师范大学国际教育学院

出　　处：《文化研究》2019年第2期315-335,共21页Cultural Studies

基　　金：研究项目“它们和我们的形成(Ma TUs)——通过图像叙事传达的文化相遇”的部分成果;马库斯和阿玛利亚·瓦伦堡基金会(The Marcus and Amalia Wallenberg Foundation)的资助

摘　　要：在不同文化中,本我(或自我)与他者的集体认同不仅通过话语来传递,也依靠图像来构建。这种文化构建经常通过故事叙述的方式来建立和巩固;简而言之,事件或场景是临时安排的。对建立和巩固文化姿态,以及构架行为而言,图画和视觉艺术作品也许是强有力的叙事资源。在本文中,我将聚焦于自中世纪以来的"犹太人"被作为他者的划分方式,包括在第三帝国的肖像图画中出现的激进方式的反犹太人图像。在首要的主导故事中,在不同主人公及犹太反派之间上演了一场伪造的历史性斗争,为了把自我从他者中划分开,人们花费了大量精力去创作图像叙事或主旨故事。本文将从一个叙事学和文化符号学的角度介绍一些具体的图像实例。Collective identities of the Self(or Ego) vs.the Other are not only conveyed in and between cultures through verbal discourse,but also through pictures.Such cultural constructions are often established and consolidated by storytelling,where,briefly put,events or situations are temporally ordered.Pictures and visual artworks may be powerful narrative resources for establishing and consolidating cultural stances and framing actions.In this paper,I shall focus upon demarcation efforts of "Jews" as the Other since the Middle Ages onwards,in the Third Reich’s iconography,radicalized forms of anti-Semitic picturing.Within overarching master stories,staging a pseudo-historical struggle between various protagonists and Jew antagonists,considerable efforts have been made to produce pictorial narratives or gists in order to demarcate the Ego from the Other.A number of concrete pictorial examples will be presented from a narratological and cultural semiotic perspective.

关 键 词：反犹太主义文化符号学 主导故事 中世纪 图像叙事性 刻板印象 

分 类 号：J205[艺术—美术]