基于CAN总线的播种深度监测评价系统研究  

Development of CAN-based Sowing Depth Monitoring and Evaluation System

作　　者：高原源 王秀[2,3] 杨硕 翟长远[2] 赵学观[2] 赵春江[1,3] GAO Yuanyuan;WANG Xiu;YANG Shuo;ZHAI Changyuan;ZHAO Xueguan;ZHAO Chunjiang(College of Information and Electrical Engineering,China Agricultural University,Beijing 100083,China;Beijing Research Center of Intelligent Equipment for Agriculture,Beijing 100097,China;National Engineering Research Center for Information Technology in Agriculture,Beijing 100097,China)

机构地区：[1]中国农业大学信息与电气工程学院,北京100083 [2]北京农业智能装备技术研究中心,北京100097 [3]国家农业信息化工程技术研究中心,北京100097

出　　处：《农业机械学报》2019年第12期23-32,共10页Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2017YFD0700502)

摘　　要：针对已有播种深度检测技术测量精度有待提高、缺乏有效实时播种深度评价系统且通信方式不易扩展等问题,设计了一种基于CAN总线的播种深度监测评价系统。系统主要由车载平板计算机、数据采集评价单元(ECU)和播深测量装置等组成,阐述了播种深度测量原理,设计了基于限深轮摆动角度的播深测量装置并建立相应测量模型,基于ISO 11783标准制订了智能化总线通信协议,开发了基于LabVIEW的实时监测评价上位机界面。为研究播种深度变化特性,以耕作方式和作业速度为试验因素,开展了二因素裂区试验。对数据进行了频谱分析,结果表明,播种深度变化主频幅值随车速增加呈减小趋势,且免耕地变化大于旋耕地,而振荡频率受耕作方式和车速变化影响较小,主要集中在0.4 Hz以下。田间监测评价试验结果表明,所得播种深度监测图可在一定程度上表征地块土壤信息,相比人工测量方式,系统监测的稳定一致性较好,在6~10 km/h车速下,其对平均播深、合格率、标准差和变异系数最大值分别为50.01 mm、78.95%、8.95 mm和17.90%,相对误差分别处于4.20%~9.74%、6.11%~17.92%、10.93%~16.32%和18.83%~19.79%之间,满足实际播种深度监测评价需求。Sowing depth is one of the important indicators for evaluating the quality of sowing,which is directly related to the seed germination and plant emergence.In order to achieve the optimum yield of agricultural crops,it is necessary to monitor the sowing depth in real time.Because of the inappropriate response of the machine dynamics to harsh soil conditions,such as the compacted soil undulations and the presence of the stubble,the existing measurement methods of sowing depth cannot meet the requirement of measuring accuracy,and the lack of an effective real-time sowing depth evaluation system affects the improvement of real-time operation quality.Moreover,the development of intelligent seeder puts forward higher demand for existing communication mode.To solve these problems,a sowing depth monitoring and evaluation system based on CAN-bus was proposed.The system was mainly composed of a tablet personal computer for real-time monitoring,an electronic control unit(ECU)for data acquisition and a sowing depth measuring device.The six-row seeder was taken as the research object.On the basis of expounding the working principle of sowing depth measurement,the sowing depth measuring device based on the swing angle of the gauge wheel was designed and the corresponding measuring models were established.In addition,an intelligent bus communication protocol based on ISO 11783 standard was made,and a real-time monitoring and evaluation upper computer interface based on LabVIEW was developed.In order to study the variation characteristics of sowing depth,two-factor split plot experiment was carried out with tillage mode and working speed as experimental factors.Spectrum analysis of the data showed that the main frequency amplitude of the change of sowing depth was decreased with the increase of working speed,and the variation range of sowing depth under no-tillage was larger than that under rotary tillage,while the oscillation frequency was less affected by the change of tillage mode and working speed,which was mainly concentrat

关 键 词：播种机 播种深度 监测 评价 CAN总线 

分 类 号：S24[农业科学—农业电气化与自动化] S223.2[农业科学—农业工程]