适应性促进大都市移居者的个体主义  

Adaption Promotes Individualism of Cosmopolitan City Settlers

作　　者：苏晨洁 向媛媛 任孝鹏[1,2] 韦庆旺 SU Chen-jie;XIANG Yuan-yuan;REN Xiao-peng;WEI Qing-wang(CAS Key Laboratory of Behavioral Science,Institute of Psychology,Beijing 100101,China;Department of Psychology,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China;Department of Psychology,Renmin University of China,Beijing 100872,China;Laboratory of Department of Psychology,Renmin University of China,Beijing 100872,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院心理研究所行为科学重点实验室,北京100101 [2]中国科学院大学心理学系,北京100049 [3]中国人民大学心理学系,北京100872 [4]中国人民大学心理学系实验室,北京100872

出　　处：《中国临床心理学杂志》2019年第6期1251-1255,共5页Chinese Journal of Clinical Psychology

基　　金：中国人民大学中央高校建设世界一流大学(学科)和特色发展引导专项资金(RUCPSY0009)资助

摘　　要：目的:检验适应性对于大都市移居者个体主义的影响。方法:以Singelis的自我建构量表、归因任务和"亲亲性"的内隐文化任务作为研究工具,通过问卷调查法收集了112个来自于中国地级市及以下地区的居民样本(原住地组)、120个从原住地移居到上海的居民样本(移居组)和107个上海本地样本(城市组),采用描述统计和方差分析的方法,探讨了三组样本在个体主义指标上的差异。结果:(1)城市组的独立我显著高于移居组(P=0.043)和原住地组(P=0.024),三组样本的互依我不存在显著差异(P=0.534);(2)城市组在素质归因上显著高于移居组(P=0.003)和原住地组(P=0.013);(3)城市组对陌生人的惩罚显著低于移居组(P=0.026)和原住地组(P<0.001),移居组对陌生人的惩罚显著低于原住地组(P=0.001),三组样本在奖励情境上无显著差异。结论:(1)大都市的个体主义高于农村或县城;(2)在一定的情境下,适应性促进大都市移居者的个体主义;大都市移居者的行为更像当地人,然而在观念和归因偏好上更像原住地。Objective: To investigate the relationship between adaption and individualism on cosmopolitan city settlers.Methods: 112 native residents from prefectural-level cities in China(Rural residents), 120 immigrants from the prefectural-level cities to Shanghai(Cosmopolitan migrants) & 107 Shanghai local(Cosmopolitan residents) participated in the study.Individualism was measured by Singelis’ self-construction scale, attribution tasks and loyalty/nepotism tasks. Results:(1)Cosmopolitan residents were more independent than cosmopolitan migrants(P=0.043) and rural residents(P=0.024), while there was no difference on interdependent self among three groups(P=0.534);(2)Cosmopolitan residents were stronger in dispositional bias in attribution than cosmopolitan migrants(P=0.003) and rural residents(P=0.013);(3)Cosmopolitan residents were less in-group favorite than cosmopolitan migrants(P=0.026) and rural residents(P<0.001) on dishonest condition.And cosmopolitan migrants were less in-group favorite than rural residents(P=0.001) on dishonest condition. There were no differences on honest condition. Conclusion:(1)Cosmopolitan residents are more individualistic than rural residents.(2)Adaption to cosmopolitan city promote migrants to be more individualistic which is moderated by condition. Cosmopolitan migrants behave more like cosmopolitan residents except for explicit beliefs and dispositional bias.

关 键 词：个体主义 集体主义 大都市移居者 适应性 

分 类 号：R395.6[哲学宗教—心理学]