基于自模板法构筑空心结构材料及其电化学应用  

Recent development in self-templating approaches to hollow nanostructures and their electrochemical application

作　　者：孙勇刚 曹安民[2,3] Yonggang Sun;Anmin Ca(School of Chemistry&Chemical Engineering,Yancheng Instiute of Technology,Yancheng 224051,China;Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology,Instiute of Chemistry,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Bejing 100190,China;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Bejjing 100049,China)

机构地区：[1]盐城工学院化学化工学院,盐城224051 [2]中国科学院化学研究所,中国科学院分子纳米结构与纳米技术重点实验室,北京100190 [3]中国科学院大学,北京100049

出　　处：《科学通报》2019年第34期3607-3622,共16页Chinese Science Bulletin

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(51672282);北京市自然科学基金(L182050)资助

摘　　要：基于自模板法构筑空心结构材料,可以摆脱对常规模板法的依赖,具有合成步骤简单、重现性高、生产成本低、结构可控性好以及易于大规模制备的优点,目前引起了研究者的广泛关注.本文从颗粒内部结构调控的角度出发,主要围绕热处理诱导实心颗粒的自发空心化、选择性刻蚀具有内外结构差异的实心颗粒这两种构筑空心结构的方法进行概述,介绍了不同类型材料的自模板构筑方法及结构控制机制,结合其在钠离子及钾离子电池中的应用,探讨了空心结构材料在电化学储能领域的应用潜力,并进一步展望了自模板法构筑空心结构的前景和发展趋势.Hollow nanostructures with the characteristics of high specific surface,low density,and interior cavities are considered as effective architectonics for constructing advanced materials.The controllability over composition,structure and morphology of the hollow materials offers even more opportunities to tailor their physical/chemical properties,which endows them with abundant functional features for broad applications in various fields such as catalysis,biomedicine,energy storage,etc.In the last decades,a large number of high-quality literatures have been published covering the synthesis and applications of hollow structures.Therefore,hollow nanostructures are attracting more attention in research and promoting the development of materials science.The synthesis of hollow nanostructures is the precondition for the research.Generally,the synthesis methods of hollow nanostructures can be divided into three categories:hard templating method,soft templating method,and self-templating method.Both of the hard templating and soft templating methods require additional templating agents,which increase the cost and the complexity of the synthesizing process.In contrast,the self-templating method can directly synthesize a hollow structure without the additional templates.Different to conventional templating methods,the particles prepared by the self-templating strategy are not only used to create internal cavities but also as the source of shell material.This process endows the self-templating method with several advantages,such as relatively simple synthesis procedures,high reproducibility,low production cost,great control over morphology,suitable for large-scale synthesis,and be considered as a preferred strategy in practical applications.The self-templating method usually utilizes some special physical processes or chemical reactions to construct the hollow nanostructures in situ,including Ostwald ripening,Kirkendall effect,galvanic replacement,thermally-induced hollowing,and selective chemical etching.The study of these

关 键 词：空心结构 自模板法 热诱导空心化 选择性刻蚀 钠离子电池 钾离子电池 

分 类 号：TP3[自动化与计算机技术—计算机科学与技术]