济南市小学生盐与健康相关知识信念行为  

Knowledge, attitude and behavior on salt and health among primary school students in Jinan

作　　者：刘月玲[1] 孙洁[1] 崔洪春 张军[1] LIU Yueling;SUN Jie;CUI Hongchun;ZHANG Jun(Foreign Affairs Management Department of Scientitic Research and Education,Jinan Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Jinan(250021),China)

机构地区：[1]山东省济南市疾病预防控制中心科研教育外事管理科,250021 [2]济南市槐荫区疾病预防控制中心

出　　处：《中国学校卫生》2019年第11期1641-1643,1646,共4页Chinese Journal of School Health

摘　　要：目的了解济南市小学生盐与健康相关知识、信念、行为,为针对性地开展干预提供科学依据。方法在济南市各区县随机抽取1所小学,共抽取济南市四年级小学生1293名,采用自行设计的"盐与健康"调查问卷进行问卷调查。结果济南市四年级小学生中,35.73%知道成年人血压正常值,67.67%知道少吃盐有助于降血压,知道成人、1~6岁儿童、7~13岁儿童每人每天盐的推荐摄入量的比例分别为55.68%,53.21%和50.62%。70.84%赞成低盐饮食,65.89%认为自己能主动选择含盐/钠少的食物,72.85%接受过低盐饮食的宣传或教育,73.01%的学生购买包装食品时会关注食品的盐/钠含量,84.45%的学生认为包装食品应该标注盐/钠含量,57.77%曾经听说过低钠盐(替代盐)。男、女生对低盐饮食的态度差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),68.05%的男生和73.91%的女生赞成,13.76%的男生和9.24%的女生持无所谓态度;男、女生在其他控盐态度、技能和行为方面的差异均无统计学意义(P值均>0.05)。结论山东省减盐防控高血压项目在学校范围内采取的一系列干预措施取得了较好成效。但学生对于自己吃盐口味和吃盐量的判断还存在偏差,在态度转变、健康行为养成方面,需要对男生群体侧重干预。Objective To investigate the knowledge, attitude and practice(KAP) of salt and health among primary school students in Jinan, and to provide scientific evidence for targeted interventions. Methods 1 293 primary school students of grade 4 in Jinan were randomly selected by cluster sampling method, and a self-designed questionnire on "salt and health" was applied among them. Results Among grade 4 students in Jinan, 35.73% were aware the diagnostic criteria of hypertension in adults, 67.67% were aware that eating less salt help lowering blood pressure. The proportion of students who knew the recommended daily intake of salt for adults, children aged 1-6 years and for children aged 7-13 years was 55.68%, 53.21% and 50.62%, respectively. The proportion of students who favor lower intake of salt(70.84%), actively choose low-salt food(65.89%), received publicity or education on low-salt diet(72.85%), pay attention to the salt/sodium content when purchasing packaged food(73.01%), believe that packaged food should be labelled with salt/sodium content(84.45%), and heard of low-sodium salt(alternative salt)(57.77%).The boys and girls were found no statistical significance in the differences of their attitude toward controlling salt, skills and behaviors(P<0.05),with 68.05% of boys and 73.91% of girls agreed, 13.76% of boys and 9.24% of girls reported no attention paid. There was no significant difference in other salt control attitudes, skills and behaviors between boys and girls(P>0.05). Conclusion A series of interventions taken by Shandong Ministry of Health Action on Salt Reduction and Hypertension(SMASH) within schools show positive effects. However, gaps in salt taste and salt intake among primary school students still exist, suggesting health education should be further strengthened in respect of daily salt intake recommendation, salt intake attitude and behaviors, especially for boys.

关 键 词：学生 健康知识 态度 实践 健康教育 

分 类 号：G627.9[文化科学—教育学] R193[医药卫生—卫生事业管理]