跨国企业：自Hymer以来的研究轨迹  

Multinational Enterprises:Research Trajectories since Hymer

作　　者：吴先明[1] Wu Xianming(School of Economics and Management,Wuhan University,Wuhan 430072,China)

机构地区：[1]武汉大学经济与管理学院

出　　处：《外国经济与管理》2019年第12期135-160,共26页Foreign Economics & Management

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重点项目(12AZD034);国家社会科学基金重大项目(18VDL016)

摘　　要：国际商务领域的核心理论是对跨国企业的分析,自Hymer以来,跨国企业理论已经历了半个多世纪的发展。本文以Hymer的垄断优势理论为出发点,对内部化理论、折衷范式、乌普莎拉模型等主流理论或范式的创新之处、演变轨迹进行了分析;对天生全球化企业或国际新创企业所引发的新的理论探索进行了评述;同时,从理论和实证的角度考察了国际市场进入模式、海外投资区位选择、跨国企业战略、跨国企业组织与母子公司关系等重要决策问题的研究进展和面临的挑战。本文还对新兴市场跨国企业的兴起给予了特别关注,揭示了现有理论中存在的悖论,并指出了未来研究的可行方向。The core theory in the area of international business(IB) deals with the analysis of multinational enterprises(MNEs). Since Hymer, the theory of multinational enterprises has been developing for more than half a century. As the field of multinational enterprises has matured, many new research streams and perspectives have emerged. This study is motivated by two research questions:(1)Which contributions have been driving the research agenda in multinational enterprises?(2) Which emerging themes in the literature are likely to set the stage for future work? Reviews contribute to greater shared understanding and can promote cross-fertilization across different streams of research.Scholars have intensively analyzed international strategies, mostly based on the I/R framework(Bartlett and Ghoshal, 1989) and with a focus on strategy types such as multinational, global, and transnational. However, studies on typologies are criticized because they have conceptual disagreements and contradictory implications when analyzing performance within and between strategy types or because they take only a firm-specific or subsidiary-specific view. I/R is seldom regarded as a predictor in causal models, although clearer performance implications could be drawn from overcoming typologies and understanding I/R as distinct continuous strategy dimensions. Scholars call for such studies, and suggest separating international strategy and local implementation and analyzing strategyimplementation-performance paths.

关 键 词：研究综述 跨国企业 国际商务 对外直接投资 

分 类 号：F270[经济管理—企业管理]